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We tested if simple modifications of a model protein antigen, <jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic> ovalbumin (OVA), can render it immunogenic for murine class I\u2010restricted CTL when injected into mice in soluble form. Injection of 1\u2014100 \u03bcg native OVA into C57BL\/6 (H\u20102<jats:sup>b<\/jats:sup>) mice did not stimulate a class I\u2010restricted CTL response. In contrast, immunization of mice with 0.5 to 10 \u03bcg sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)\u2010or deoxycholate (DOC)\u2010denatured OVA efficiently primed CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CTL specific for the well\u2010characterized K<jats:sup>b<\/jats:sup>\u2010restricted OVA<jats:sub>257\u2014264<\/jats:sub> epitope. Gel\u2010purified SDS\u2010denatured OVA devoid of protein fragments and excess detergent efficiently stimulated a specific CTL response <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. OVA preparations denatured by heat or urea treatment were not immunogenic for murine CTL. Injection of non\u2010treated or detergent\u2010treated, antigenic OVA<jats:sub>257\u2014264<\/jats:sub> peptide into mice did not elicit a CTL response. Thus, denaturation of OVA by simple detergents such as SDS or DOC dramatically enhances its immunogenicity for class I\u2010restricted CTL but not all modes of denaturation are equally effective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830240920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T23:14:53Z","timestamp":1172790893000},"page":"2068-2072","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Injection of detergent\u2010denatured ovalbumin primes murine class I\u2010restricted cytotoxic T cells in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Reinhold","family":"Schibeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waltraud","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Reimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.003125"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60875-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/344873a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.1.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.8.2357","volume":"148","author":"Newman M. 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