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S\u03bc\u2010S\u03b31 switch recombination in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + interleukin\u20104 (IL\u20104)\u2010activated mouse B cells was assayed by a digestion\u2010circularization polymerase chain reaction. Switching to \u03b31 is reduced upon inhibition of DNA synthesis with hydroxyurea (HU) or aphidicholin (AC). Incubation of activated B cells with HU severely reduces steady\u2010state levels of GL \u03b31 and \u03f5 RNA. By utilizing elutriation to synchronize B cell blasts in different phases of the cell cycle, it was found that GL \u03b31 transcripts are mainly expressed in G<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and S phases, but not in G<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>. Using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we characterized two major LPS\u2010induced complexes, which bind to the GL \u03b31 promoter and are expressed at levels which correlate with the amount of LPS\u2010induced DNA synthesis. Furthermore, the intensity of the complexes is reduced when cells are arrested with the DNA synthesis inhibitors HU or AC. Elutriation experiments revealed that the complexes are expressed in G<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and S, but not in G<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>. They bind to an Ets consensus element near the major initiation sites used in proliferating cells. The possible implications of these findings for Ig isotype switching are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T00:47:23Z","timestamp":1172796443000},"page":"2042-2051","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Cell cycle regulation of immunoglobulin class switch recombination and germ\u2010line transcription: potential role of Ets family members"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mats","family":"Lundgren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Str\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars\u2010Olof","family":"Bergquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Skog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Heiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Stavnezer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Severinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830211209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4126","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.12.4126","volume":"147","author":"Weinstein P. 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