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Freshly isolated CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells from this tissue contained relatively high numbers of activated cells [approximately 10% interleukin\u20102 receptor (IL\u20102R)<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells and 15% of cells in cycle stages S and G<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> + M], of which 25% and 75% were \u03b3\u03b4 and \u03b1\u03b2 T cells, respectively. The cytokine\u2010specific quantitative reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction and enzyme\u2010linked immunospot analyses revealed that, although both \u03b3\u03b4 and \u03b1\u03b2 T cells were capable of producing an array of Th1 or Th2 cytokines following stimulation via the T cell receptor\u2010CD3 complex, these mucosal T cells were mainly committed to IL\u20105 and IL\u20106 expression <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> (Th2 type). Both freshly isolated \u03b3\u03b4 and \u03b1\u03b2 T cells expressed mRNA and contained IL\u20105 and IL\u20106 spot\u2010forming cells (SFC); however, only the latter exhibited high mRNA levels and SFC for a Th1 cytokine (interferon\u2010\u03b3). Taken together, the results show that freshly isolated CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells from SMG contain activated \u03b3\u03b4 and \u03b1\u03b2 T cells which are programmed to produce IL\u20105 and IL\u20106. Thus, SMG, an example of an IgA effector tissue, can be characterized as a Th2\u2010dominant site. However, although both \u03b3\u03b4 and \u03b1\u03b2 T cells express cytokine profiles consistent with a Th2 phenotype, only the latter subset with a CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> phenotype provided effective help for mucosal B cell responses <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830251005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T23:39:23Z","timestamp":1172792363000},"page":"2743-2751","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Polarized Th2 cytokine expression by both mucosal \u03b3\u03b4 and \u03b1\u03b2 T cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Takachika","family":"Hiroi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kohtaro","family":"Fujihashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jerry R.","family":"McGhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kiyono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.7.2030","volume":"148","author":"Mega J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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