{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T17:11:23Z","timestamp":1764349883174},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]],"date-time":"2005-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3523,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The surrogate light chain is composed of two polypeptides, VpreB and \u03bb5. In the mouse there are two VpreB genes which are 99% identical within the coding regions. Extensive restriction enzyme mapping and sequencing of these two genes showed that only the coding region and immediate 5\u2032 and 3\u2032 flanking sequences exhibited such high homology. More distal sequences have diverged considerably. The region 5\u2032 of the respective gene directed transcription of a reporter gene in a pre\u2010B cell line, indicating that it contained promoter, and perhaps enhancer function. The VpreB2 gene is functional, as it directed the production in COS cells of a 16\u2010kDa protein that assembled with \u03bb5 and was recognized by a VpreB\u2010specific monoclonal antibody. Using transfected COS cells expressing either VpreB1 or VpreB2, a PCR assay was developed to examine the steady state level of transcripts from each gene. When this assay was applied to a number of cell lines representing early stages of B cell differentiation, co\u2010expression of the two genes was observed in every case. VpreB1 and VpreB2 were co\u2010expressed in the fetal liver of CB17 mice, where peak expression of each gene occurred at days 16\u201317 of gestation. Similarly, adult bone marrow from several strains of mice expressed both genes. In sorted bone marrow cells expression of both VpreB genes was detected in pro\u2010B\/pre\u2010BI and large pre\u2010BII cells, while the RNA steady state levels were at least 100\u2010fold lower in small pre\u2010BII and immature\/mature B cells. Finally, single\u2010cell reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction on such sorted bone marrow cells detected VpreB1 and VpreB2 expression in at least 30% of all pro\u2010B\/pre\u2010BI cells and large Ig heavy chain, surrogate light chain (pre\u2010B receptor) expressing pre\u2010BII cells. These results demonstrate that the control of expression of the two VpreB genes overlaps during development. They suggest that both VpreB1 and VpreB2 polypeptides can assemble with \u03bb5 and \u03bc to form pre\u2010B cell receptor complexes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T01:49:11Z","timestamp":1172800151000},"page":"906-913","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The murine VpreB1 and VpreB2 genes both encode a protein of the surrogate light chain and are co\u2010expressed during B cell development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jeanne L.","family":"Dul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yair","family":"Argon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"ten Boekel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fritz","family":"Melchers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Inga\u2010Lill","family":"M\u00e5rtensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/324579a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02500.x","volume":"6","author":"Kudo A.","year":"1987","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-83755-5_45"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/4.8.831"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(93)90060-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.2.469"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/329172a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-50059-6_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/350423a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90293-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04725.x","volume":"6","author":"Kudo A.","year":"1987","journal-title":"EMBO"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/6.6.863"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.20.8135"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.7.2.725"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.133.3.1627","volume":"133","author":"Argon Y.","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90131-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","volume-title":"Molecular cloning; A laboratory manual","author":"Sambrook J.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"454","volume":"6","author":"Nordeen S. K.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01594.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"130","volume":"137","author":"Bauer S. R.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830190107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(81)90421-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250221"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.102.5.1558"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.3.905","volume":"145","author":"Misener V.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-5890(94)90105-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/23.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1439790"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.14.11.7111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02789.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07953.x","volume":"10","author":"Rolink A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"EMBO J."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feji.1830260428","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.1830260428","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T14:23:21Z","timestamp":1695738201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.1830260428"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.1830260428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.1830260428","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,4]]}}}