{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T13:54:12Z","timestamp":1758635652004,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,3]],"date-time":"2004-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1102032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Killer\u2010cell Ig\u2010like receptors (KIR) are structurally and functionally diverse, and enable human NK cells to survey the expression of individual HLA class I molecules, often altered in infections and tumors. Multiple events of non\u2010reciprocal recombination have contributed to the rapid diversification of KIR. We show that \u223c4.5% of the individuals of a Caucasoid population bear a recombinant allele of <jats:italic>KIR3DP1<\/jats:italic>, officially designed<jats:italic> KIR3DP1*004<\/jats:italic>, that associates tightly with gene duplications of <jats:italic>KIR3DP1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>KIR2DL4<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>KIR3DL1<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>KIR3DS1<\/jats:italic>. The <jats:italic>KIR3DP1<\/jats:italic> gene is normally silent, but the recombinant allele carries a novel promoter sequence and, as a consequence, is transcribed in all tested individuals. Messenger RNA of <jats:italic>KIR3DP1*004 <\/jats:italic>is made up of six exons; of these, exons 1\u20135 are similar to, and spliced like, those encoding the leader peptide and Ig\u2010domains of KIR3D. By contrast, exon 6 is homologous to no other human <jats:italic>KIR <\/jats:italic>sequence, but only to possible homologs in chimpanzees and rhesus macaques, and encodes a short hydrophilic tail. The putative <jats:italic>KIR3DP1*004<\/jats:italic> product, like those of the related genes <jats:italic>LAIR\u20102<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>LILRA3<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>ILT6<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>LIR4<\/jats:italic>, is predicted to be secreted to the extracellular medium rather than anchored to the cell membrane.<\/jats:p><jats:p>See accompanying Commentary: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1002\/eji.200425743\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.200425743<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,3]],"date-time":"2004-12-03T13:18:22Z","timestamp":1102079902000},"page":"16-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["The silent <i>KIR3DP1<\/i> gene (CD158c) is transcribed and might encode a secreted receptor in a minority of humans, in whom the <i>KIR3DP1<\/i>, <i>KIR2DL4<\/i> and <i>KIR3DL1<\/i>\/<i>KIR3DS1<\/i> genes are duplicated"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"G\u00f3mez\u2010Lozano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Estefan\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fionnuala","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Halfpenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Vilches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,16]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90025-X"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7716543"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.092501.134942"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.2003.00072.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.080588597"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","DOI":"10.1007\/s002510050620"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2002.19004.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80394-5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v22.i5-6.70"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","DOI":"10.1038\/90589"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.11.5797"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.11.6416"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2001.1810102.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(03)00089-2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.5.2192"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/11.12.1155"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.12.1.27"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0888-7543(05)80111-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Better prediction of protein cellular localization sites with the k nearest neighbors classifier.","volume":"5","author":"Horton P.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. 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