{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:01:26Z","timestamp":1773288086334,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,19]],"date-time":"2006-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1137628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endosomally translocated host (self) DNA activates Toll\u2010like receptor 9 (TLR9), while extracellular self\u2010DNA does not. This inconsistency reflects poor endosomal DNA translocation but also implies that host DNA contains DNA sequences that function as ligands for TLR9. Herein we report that contrary to phosphorothioate (PS)\u2010stabilized oligonucleotides (ODN), \u201cnatural\u201d phosphodiester (PD) ODN lacking CpG motifs activate TLR9. CpG motif\u2010independent TLR9 activation of Flt3\u2010L\u2010induced dendritic cells (DC) was dependent on enforced endosomal translocation and triggered upregulation of CD40 and CD69 as well as production of IL\u20106 and IFN\u2010\u03b1. Binding studies utilizing surface plasmon resonance technology (Biacore) revealed low TLR9 binding to single\u2010stranded (ss) PD\u2010ODN lacking CpG motifs. At higher concentrations their TLR9 binding activity compared well with TLR9 binding of canonical ss PD CpG\u2010ODN. These results imply that both the chemical modification of the DNA backbone as well as the amount of endosomally translocated DNA represent determining factors that allow CpG motif\u2010independent activation of TLR9 by ss PD\u2010DNA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,19]],"date-time":"2006-01-19T09:17:08Z","timestamp":1137662228000},"page":"431-436","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["CpG motif\u2010independent activation of TLR9 upon endosomal translocation of \u201cnatural\u201d phosphodiester DNA"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Kei","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Rutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Beatrix","family":"Schlatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Metzger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter\u2004B.","family":"Luppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Heit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60790-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064842"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/416603a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031942"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00239.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.10.6129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425656"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.7.3614"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425218"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.161293498"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.2.605"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.11.5908"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feji.200535210","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.200535210","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T23:25:34Z","timestamp":1697153134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.200535210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.200535210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.200535210","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}}}