{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T22:55:47Z","timestamp":1762296947614,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,14]],"date-time":"2005-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1113436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2570,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electrophoresis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early genetic studies showed conservation of gene order in the enteric bacteria. Two recent methods using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine the physical map of the genome are: (i) partial digestion with the endonuclease I\u2010C<jats:italic>eu<\/jats:italic>I, which digests the DNA of bacteria in the <jats:italic>rrn<\/jats:italic> operon for rRNA (ribosomal RNA), thus establishing the \u201c<jats:italic>rrn<\/jats:italic> genomic skeleton\u201d (the size in kbp of the intervals between rRNA operons); (ii) analysis of <jats:italic>Xba<\/jats:italic>I and B<jats:italic>1n<\/jats:italic>I sites within Tn<jats:italic>10<\/jats:italic> insertions in the chromosome. The order of I\u2010C<jats:italic>eu<\/jats:italic>I fragments, which is ABCDEFG in S. <jats:italic>typhimurium<\/jats:italic> LT2 and E. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> K\u201012, was found to be conserved in most <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> species, most of which grow in many hosts (host\u2010generalists). However, in <jats:italic>S. typhi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. paratyphi<\/jats:italic> C, <jats:italic>S. gallinarum<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>S. pullorum<\/jats:italic>, species which are host\u2010specialized, these fragments are rearranged, due to homologous recombination between the <jats:italic>rrn<\/jats:italic> operons, resulting in translocations and inversions. Inversions and translocations not involving the <jats:italic>rrn<\/jats:italic> operons are seldom detected except for inversions over the TER (termination of replication) region. Additive genetic changes (due to lateral transfer resulting in insertion of nonhomologous DNA) have resulted in \u201cloops\u201d containing blocks of DNA which provide new genes to specific strains, thus driving rapid evolution of new traits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.1150190417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,28]],"date-time":"2005-05-28T12:42:31Z","timestamp":1117284151000},"page":"569-572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Chromosomal rearrangements in enteric bacteria (minireview)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kenneth E.","family":"Sanderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.30.100176.001551"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.54.4.502-539.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.12.3361-3369.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.3501715.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1979.043.01.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.11.7069"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"2256","volume-title":"Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology","author":"Roth J. 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