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However, the probability of such interaction is conditioned by other factors like time, initial separation, metabolic activity, and, in the case of chemically induced lesions, scheduled DNA synthesis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The irradiated nucleus was, for a long time, regarded as a \u201cbag of broken chromosomes\u201d with the severed ends free to move around and find partners with which to form illegitimate <jats:italic>reunions.<\/jats:italic> Many of these would be seen at following metaphase as intra\u2010 and interchanges.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Evidence is rapidly accumulating which indicates that this picture of the nucleus is false. We know now that chromosomes occupy highly localised domains with limited movement, and that there is no massive intermingling; that much of the chromatin is compacted and splinted with proteins and so precluded from exchange\u2010type contact; that most of the chromatin is looped and \u201cfixed\u201d into an intra\u2010nuclear protein scaffold or skeleton; that some chromatin is spun\u2010out and associated with the nuclear envelope in the vicinity of the pore\u2010complexes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Thus it would appear that movement, in the sense envisaged by early workers, is curtailed, and that only a proportion (probably a small proportion) of the chromatin is actually \u201cat\u2010risk\u201d with respect to <jats:italic>interchange<\/jats:italic> formation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Where then does <jats:italic>interchange<\/jats:italic> take place? Are the \u201csites\u201d pre\u2010existent, or can proximity requirements be realised after radiation exposure? In what ways will the intra\u2010nuclear architecture influence exchange? These are some of the questions which are considered in this paper. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850220410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T19:03:34Z","timestamp":1172084614000},"page":"234-244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Interchange and intra\u2010nuclear architecture"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"John R. 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