{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T05:30:42Z","timestamp":1738387842585,"version":"3.35.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]],"date-time":"2008-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1221177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5613,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans Emerging Tel Tech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Block coded 8\u2010DPSK modulations are presented for the time selective Rayleigh fading channel. These coded modulations are based on multi\u2010level code constructions and utilize short binary block codes of length 2 to 8 (binary symbols) as building blocks to construct 8\u2010DPSK codes of length 2 to 8 symbols, respectively. All the constructed block coded modulations have a built in time diversity of at least 2 to combat Rayleigh fading. Unequal error protection (UEP) is obtained by providing higher time diversity for the important data. Further UEP can be obtained by using a non\u2010uniform signal constellation that provides higher product distance (through increased component Euclidean distance) for the more important data. Low transmission delay is obtained by matching the code rate and interleaver to the channel conditions (Doppler spread). Block coded 8\u2010DPSK schemes with rate 1.5\u20102.25 information bits per symbol and code length 2 to 8 symbols have been designed and simulated for various values of Doppler spread. Gains of more than 15 dB can be obtained at a bit error rate of 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>for a fraction of the data that is deemed to be most important. By using different binary codes in the multilevel scheme and by using different nonuniform signal constellations, the unequal error probability profile and the data rates can be controlled in a flexible manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4460040312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]],"date-time":"2008-09-12T13:46:23Z","timestamp":1221227183000},"page":"325-334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Multi\u2010Level Block Coded Modulations with Unequal Error Protection for the Rayleigh Fading Channel"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Nambi","family":"Seshadri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl\u2010Erik W.","family":"Sundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1982.1056454"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.1987.1093542"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1977.1055718"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.20095"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19870662"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"K.Yamaguchi H.Imai:Trellis\u2010coded modulation using binary convolutional codes \u2010 towards high reliability and simple implementation. Inf. Symp. on Inf. Theory Kobe. Japan June1988. Conf. Rec. p.168."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.42180"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","unstructured":"N.Seshadri C\u2010E. W.Sundberg:Multi\u2010level trellis coded modulations with large time diversity for the rayleigh fading channel. Presented at the 24th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems Princeton NJ March1990 Conf. Rec. p.853\u2013857. To appear in IEEE Trans on Com."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.86990"},{"volume-title":"Digital communications","year":"1989","author":"Proakis John G.","key":"e_1_2_1_11_2"},{"volume-title":"Communication systems and techniques","year":"1966","author":"Schwartz M.","key":"e_1_2_1_12_2"},{"volume-title":"Microwave mobile communications","year":"1974","author":"Jakes W. C.","key":"e_1_2_1_13_2"},{"volume-title":"Introduction to trellis\u2010coded modulation with applications","year":"1991","author":"Biglieri E.","key":"e_1_2_1_14_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","unstructured":"S. G.Wilson Y. S.Leung:Trellis\u2010coded phase modulation on rayleigh channels. ICC \u203287 Seattle. WA June1987 Conf. Proc. p.739\u2013743."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.44581"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.44579"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E.Zehavi:8\u2010PSK trellis\u2010coded on rayleigh channel. MILCOM \u203289 Conference Record p.536\u2013540. Boston. Mass. October1989.","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.1989.103984"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"873","article-title":"Special Issue. Bandwidth and power efficient coded modulation","volume":"7","year":"1989","journal-title":"TREE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.57495"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","unstructured":"L\u2010F.Wei:Coded modulation with unequal error protection. In submission to IEEE Trans on Com:"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","unstructured":"A. R.Calderbank N.Seshadri:Multilevel codes for unequal error protection. In submission to IEEE Trans on Inf. Theory."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N.Seshadri C\u2010E. W.Sundberg:Multi\u2010level block coded modulations for the rayleigh fading channel. Conf. Rec. GLOBE\u2010COM \u203291 December1991 p.47\u201351 Phoenix. Arizona.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.1991.188353"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1972.1054727"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","unstructured":"C\u2010E. W.Sundberg N.Seshadri:Coded modulations for fading channels: An overview. \u201cEuropean Transactions on Telecommunications and Related Technologies\u201d. 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