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The results are obtained for the case where the received signal contains both phase and frequency errors (\u0394\u0398 and \u0394<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>respectively). It is shown that under rather restrictive conditions, the LSFE is a low signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio approximation to the ML estimate of \u0394<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>Also considered are the effects on the moments of this estimate, if any of these conditions are violated. The latter part of the paper deals with the various versions of the NFE. The problem of phase ambiguity associated with these nonlinear estimators is investigated, and a resolution technique is proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4460070604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]],"date-time":"2008-09-12T14:19:44Z","timestamp":1221229184000},"page":"493-506","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Performance of open loop digital frequency estimation techniques for burst\u2010mode transmission"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Rocco","family":"Di Girolamo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tho","family":"Le\u2010Ngoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Digital satellite communications","year":"1990","author":"Ha T. T.","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/35.79400"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"R. 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June 16\u201318 1993. p.423\u2013428."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W.Hagmann J.Habermann On the phase error distribution of an open loop phase estimator. \u201cProceedings ICc'88\u201d Philadelphia p.1031\u20131037.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.1988.13713"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","unstructured":"S. N.Crozier K. W.Moreland Performance of a simple delay\u2010multiply\u2010average technique for frequency estimation. \u201cCanadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering\u201d. 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