{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T17:45:32Z","timestamp":1743011132042,"version":"3.35.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]],"date-time":"2008-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1221177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3361,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans Emerging Tel Tech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper we investigate the effects of the asynchronism of user signals in the uplink of a spread spectrum multi\u2010carrier multiple access (SS\u2010MC\u2010MA) system. Different propagation delays due to different distances between the mobile transmitters and their base station cause asynchronous arrivals of the uplink signals in addition to multipath propagation. The proposed uplink SS\u2010MC\u2010MA scheme uses for synchronization only the frame structure received on the synchronous downlink and requires no additional synchronization measures. A guard interval that is smaller than the sum of the maximum time offset between the users and the maximum excess delay of the frequency selective multipath channel is used. It minimizes the loss in bandwidth efficiency by allowing residual interference. The residual interference is minimized by proper positioning of the detection interval in the receiver. It is shown that with this approach the guard interval can be reduced by about 50%. The performance of the proposed uplink scheme is compared to an uplink SS\u2010MC\u2010MA scheme with perfect synchronization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4460100409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]],"date-time":"2008-09-12T14:47:28Z","timestamp":1221230848000},"page":"399-406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Performance Effects of the Uplink Asynchronism in a Spread Spectrum Multi\u2010Carrier Multiple Access System"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Witold A.","family":"Krzymien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1971.1090705"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. A.Bingham Multicarrier modulation for data transmission: An idea whose time has come. IEEE Commun. Mag. pages5\u201314 May1990.","DOI":"10.1109\/35.54342"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01099534"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"900","article-title":"Multi\u2010carrier CDMA in indoor wireless radio networks","volume":"77","author":"Yee N.","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEICE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"1351","article-title":"Downlink detection schemes for MC\u2010CDMA systems in indoor environments","volume":"79","author":"Tomba L.","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEICE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"S.Kaiser Multi\u2010Carrier CDMA Mobile Radio Systems\u2010Analysis and Optimization of Detection Decoding and Channel Estimation. Dusseldorf: VDI\u2010Verlag Fortschrittberichte VDI series 10 No. 531 1998 Ph.D. thesis."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.KaiserandK.Fazel A flexible spread\u2010spectrum multicarrier multiple\u2010access system for multi\u2010media applications. In Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Commun. (PIMRC '97) pages100\u2013104 Sept.1997.","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.1997.624371"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.RohlingandR.Gruenheid Performance comparison of different multiple access schemes for the downlink of an OFDM communication system. In Proc. IEEE Vehic. Technol. Conf. (VTC'97) pages1365\u20131369 May1997.","DOI":"10.1109\/VETEC.1997.605406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.Kaiser MC\u2010FDMA and MC\u2010TDMA versus MC\u2010CDMA and SS\u2010MC\u2010MA: Performance evaluation for fading channels. In Proc. IEEE Fifth Int. 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