{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:52:19Z","timestamp":1753869139757,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6G\u2010CLARION\u2010NFD","6G\u2010CLARION\u2010OR","6G\u2010CLARION\u2010SI","6G\u2010CLARION\u2010OE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6G\u2010CLARION\u2010NFD","6G\u2010CLARION\u2010OR","6G\u2010CLARION\u2010SI","6G\u2010CLARION\u2010OE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trans Emerging Tel Tech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ongoing quest for the tight integration of network operation and the network service provisioning initiated with the introduction of 5G often clashes with the capacity of current network architectures to provide means for such integration. Owing to the traditional design of mobile networks, which barely required a tight interaction, network elements offer capabilities for their continuous optimization just within their domain (eg, access, or core), allowing for a \u201csilo\u2010style\u201d automation that falls short when aiming at closed\u2010loop automation that embraces all the actors involved in the network, from network functions up to the service\u2010provider network functions. To this end, in this article, we make the case for the network\u2010wide capability exposure framework for closed\u2010loop automation by (i) defining the different entities that shall expose capabilities, and (ii) discussing why the state of the art solutions are not enough to support this vision. Our proposed architecture, which relies on registration and discovery, and exposure functions, allows for enhanced use cases that are currently not possible with state of the art solution. We prove the feasibility of our solution by implementing it in a real\u2010world testbed, employing Artificial Intelligence algorithms to close the loop for the management of the radio access network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T10:48:20Z","timestamp":1657622900000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A unified service\u2010based capability exposure framework for closed\u2010loop network automation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9494-1853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Gramaglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telematic Engineering Universidad Carlos III od Madrid Leganes Spain"}]},{"given":"Marton","family":"Kajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen TU M\u00fcnchen Germany"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mannweiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nokia Bell Labs Germany"}]},{"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"Bulakci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nokia Bell Labs Germany"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huawei German Research Center Germany"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2923364"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.3205"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"3GPP TS23.501 system architecture for the 5G System (5GS) Rel. 16;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44879-3_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MarschP Bulakci\u00d6 QuesethO BoldiM.E2E architecture;2018:79\u2010114.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119425144.ch5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2019.106984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2902984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2019.1800498"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nem.2051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KatsalisK NikaeinN EdmondsA.Multi\u2010domain orchestration for NFV: challenges and research directions;2016:189\u2010195.","DOI":"10.1109\/IUCC-CSS.2016.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"3GPP TS23.002 network architecture Rel. 162020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6979983"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"3GPP TR28.801 telecommunication management study on management and orchestration of network slicing for next generation network Rel. 16;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"3GPP TS23.288 architecture enhancements for 5G System (5GS) to support network data analytics services Rel. 16;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kukli\u0144skiS TomaszewskiL Ko\u0142akowskiR.On O\u2010RAN MEC SON and network slicing integration;2020:1\u20106.","DOI":"10.1109\/GCWkshps50303.2020.9367527"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"3GPP TS38.300 NR; overall description; stage\u20102 Rel. 16;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"3GPP TS38.401 NG\u2010RAN; architecture description Rel. 16;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"3GPP TS29.531 5G system; network slice selection services; stage 3 Rel. 16;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","unstructured":"3GPP TS23.502 Procedures for the 5G System Rel. 162020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"5G\u2010MoNArch D2.3 final overall architecture; 2019.https:\/\/5g\u2010monarch.eu\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/5G\u2010MoNArch_761445_D2.3_Final_overall_architecture_v1.0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"3GPP TS28.530 management and orchestration; concepts use cases and requirements Rel. 16;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","unstructured":"3GPP TR28.809 study on enhancement of management data analytics Rel. 16;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","unstructured":"ETSI network functions virtualisation (NFV). Management and orchestration; Vol.1 2014:V1."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","unstructured":"ETSI OSM.Open Source Mano. OSM home page;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.3066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","unstructured":"5G\u2010ACIA 5G alliance for connected industries and automation a working party of ZVEI (German electrical and electronic manufacturers' association).https:\/\/www.5g\u2010acia.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.3087"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TrichiasK LandiG SederE et al.VITAL\u20105G: innovative network applications (NetApps) support over 5G connectivity for the transport amp; logistics vertical;2021:437\u2010442.","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCNC\/6GSummit51104.2021.9482437"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.3073"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2020.9277891"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LinL ZhuB WangQ XuL MuJ.A novel 5G core network capability exposure method for telecom operator;2020:1450\u20101454.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPA-BDCloud-SocialCom-SustainCom51426.2020.00217"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","unstructured":"OrtizJ Sanchez\u2010IborraR BernabeJB SkarmetaA INSPIRE\u20105Gplus: intelligent security and pervasive trust for 5G and beyond networks. ARES'20;2020; Association for Computing Machinery New York NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szab\u00f3G SeresG MikeczML et al.Assessment of the efficiency of 5G network exposure for the industrial Internet of Things;2021:52\u201058.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCN53733.2021.9686079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","unstructured":"GSMA generic network slice template version 1;2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","unstructured":"3GPP TR23.700\u201040 Study on enhancement of network slicing; Phase 2 Rel. 17;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","unstructured":"3GPP TS28.541 management and orchestration; 5G network resource model (NRM); Stage 2 and stage 3 Rel. 16;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","unstructured":"3GPP TS23.755 Study on application layer support for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Rel. 172020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","unstructured":"3GPP TS23.287 study on application support layer for factories of the future (FotF) in the 5G network Rel. 17;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2020.107284"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900252"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2020.107274"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2018.1800045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HongjiaL SongC ZejueW.Prediction handover trigger scheme for reducing handover latency in two\u2010tier Femtocell networks;2012:5130\u20105135.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2012.6503934"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MalanchiniI SuryaprakashV.Minimizing the impact of prediction errors during anticipatory resource allocation;2018:1\u20106.","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2018.8417684"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2009.071293"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","unstructured":"KrizhevskyA SutskeverI HintonGE.ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks;2012:1097\u20101105; Curran Associates Inc."}],"container-title":["Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ett.4598","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ett.4598","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ett.4598","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T23:26:28Z","timestamp":1727565988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ett.4598"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ett.4598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ett.4598","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2161-3915","2161-3915"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2161-3915"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2161-3915"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e4598"}}