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Based on the flow model, this paper jointly optimizes the user association and power control in cellular networks, aiming at achieving a reasonable compromise between user delay and network energy consumption. Unlike previous snapshot models, flow models focus on the spatial distribution of traffic demand instead of the specific location of users. We consider a nonuniformity of spatial traffic distribution and load coupling among base stations (BSs). Firstly, an iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal user association strategy under certain power of BSs. Then, a greedy power adjustment and user association algorithm (GPA\u2010UA) is proposed to further optimize the objective function. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce both user delay and network energy consumption in most cases, and the performance of the proposed algorithm is approximate to the Optimal scheme while GPA\u2010UA has lower complexity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T11:10:16Z","timestamp":1658229016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Joint optimization algorithm of user association and power control based on spatial traffic distribution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0651-1106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weipeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an China"}]},{"given":"Jihong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an China"},{"name":"School of Telecommunication and Information Engineering Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications  Xi'an China"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an China"}]},{"given":"Yanpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an China"}]},{"given":"Gongye","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Marine Radar Institute  Nanjing China"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2571730"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2565539"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1700410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2018.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","article-title":"Energy\u2010efficient resource allocation and RRH association in multitier 5G H\u2010CRANs","volume":"30","author":"Ali S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans Emerg Telecomun Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","article-title":"Mission\u2010critical user priority\u2010based cooperative resource allocation schemes for multi\u2010layer next\u2010generation public safety networks","volume":"38","author":"Ahmad I","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Commun"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2016.2516010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2690305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","article-title":"Joint caching policies for optimizing energy costs\/offloading probability for D2D and millimeter wave small cell underlaying cache\u2010enabled networks","volume":"31","author":"Zhao J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trans Emerg Telecomun Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.032013.120494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2491361"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2018.2799945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChenX JinY QiangS HuW JiangK.Analyzing and modeling spatio\u2010temporal dependence of cellular traffic at city scale. 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