{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T15:43:45Z","timestamp":1762098225670,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]],"date-time":"2005-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4171,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genetic Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper we examine the relationships among classical lod scores, \u201cwrod\u201d scores (lod scores calculated under the wrong genetic model), and \u201cmod\u201d scores (lod scores maximized over genetic model parameters). We compare the behavior of these scores when the state of nature is linkage to their behavior when the state of nature is no linkage. We describe sufficient conditions for mod scores to be valid and discuss their use to determine the correct genetic model. We show that lod scores represent a likelihood\u2010ratio test for independence. We explain the \u201cascertainment\u2010assumption\u2010free\u201d aspect of using mod scores to determine mode of inheritance and we set this aspect into a well\u2010established statistical framework. Finally, we summarize practical guidelines for the use of mod scores.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370110403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T21:59:57Z","timestamp":1118527197000},"page":"329-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Lods, wrods, and mods: The interpretation of lod scores calculated under different models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Hodge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Elston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"Robustness of the maximum\u2010likelihood (LOD) method for detecting linkage","volume":"52","author":"Amos CI","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1977.tb00928.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1992.tb01140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531059"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801844454","volume-title":"Likelihood","author":"Edwards AWF","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320340407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Sampling considerations in the gathering and analysis of pedigree data","volume":"31","author":"Elston RC","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-5809(86)90042-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"144","volume-title":"Statistical Methods and Scientific Inference","author":"Fisher RA","year":"1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.4710330617"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"329","article-title":"The effect of proband designation on segregation analysis","volume":"39","author":"Greenberg DA","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320340406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370070608"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370060145"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"364","article-title":"Conditioning on subsets of the data: Genetic applications with emphasis on ascertainment","volume":"43","author":"Hodge SE","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1970.tb00830.x","article-title":"Application of likelihood methods to models involving large numbers of parameters","volume":"32","author":"Kalbfleisch JD","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Roy Stat Soc B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"1413","article-title":"Importance sampling. 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