{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T15:27:41Z","timestamp":1765294061054},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]],"date-time":"2004-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6129,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Glia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The characteristics of electrical coupling between astrocytes and between oligodendrocytes were analyzed in cell cultures derived from rodent central nervous system. Experiments were carried out by impaling one member of a glial pair with separate voltage recording and current passing electrodes (cell 1) and the other cell, a measured distance from the first, with a voltage\u2010recording electrode (cell 2). Astrocyte pairs within 300 \u03bcm of one another were always coupled. The coupling ratio was determined for 23 astrocytic pairs various distances apart, and decreased with distance in a roughly exponential manner. The average coupling ratio of astrocytes within 100 \u03bcm of each other was 0.44 \u00b1 0.32. Oligodendrocytes were less strongly coupled to each other than astrocytes. Even cells immediately adjacent to one another were often uncoupled. Among coupled oligodendrocytes within 100 \u03bcm of each other, the average coupling ratio was 0.11 \u00b1 0.1. Current passage between pairs of astrocytes and pairs of oligodendrocytes was nonrectifying. Application of 0.5 mM BaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> or 44.6 mM CsCl (substituted for NaCl) depolarized and increased the input resistance of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. These ions also increased the coupling ratio in astrocyte pairs and oligodendrocyte pairs; this effect was rapid in onset and completely reversible. Ba<jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup> and Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> appear to block resting K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> conductance in glia and probably increase the coupling ratio by increasing the effective length constant of the glial membrane without any direct effect on junctional resistance. In three cases, oligodendrocyte pairs that appear uncoupled in normal solution exhibited coupling in the presence of BaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> or CsCl. This suggests that oligodendrocytes may be widely coupled by junctions that provide only weak electrical interaction; such junctions might be important for the exchange of small metabolically active molecules. The strong electrical coupling among astrocytes, in concert with their K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010selective membrane conductance, would provide for an electrical syncytium well designed to transport K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> away from areas of focal extracellular accumulation (i.e., the spatial buffer mechanism), and these cells, more than oligodendrocytes, may provide this function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440010108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T13:00:04Z","timestamp":1104584404000},"page":"64-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["Electrical coupling between astrocytes and between oligodendrocytes studied in mammalian cell cultures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Helmut","family":"Kettenmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruce R.","family":"Ranson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480060405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.40.3.648"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"122","volume-title":"Cardiac Rate and Rhythm. Physiological, Morphological and Developmental Aspects","author":"Bukauskas F. F.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(70)90178-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1970.sp009227"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"2B.43","volume-title":"Handbook of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology","author":"Cohen M. W.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1983.sp014756"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-05-01324.1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4827(85)80001-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01969452"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1959.sp006143"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(08)60352-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1983.sp014541"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"52P","article-title":"The space constant for glial potassium buffering in the isolated frog brain","volume":"365","author":"Gardner\u2010Medwin A. R.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1983.sp014540"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)90259-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Neuroscience Approached Through Cell Culture","author":"Hertz L.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Ionic Channels of Excitable Membranes","author":"Hille B.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Electrical Current Flow in Excitable Cells","author":"Jack J. J. B.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03962.x","article-title":"Astrocytes support incomplete differentiation of an oligodendrocyte precursor cell","volume":"44","author":"Keilhauer G.","year":"1985","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.19.6235"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Neuromethods, Vol. 10, Neurochemistry VIII: Brain Electrolytes and Water Spaces","author":"Kettenmann H.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Kettenmann H.(1987b) Oligodendrocytes control extracellular potassium by active uptake and spatial buffering. In:Biochemistry of Glial Cells. T. Grisar ed. in press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(84)90345-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.03-03-00506.1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Characteristics of electrical coupling between mammalian astrocytes and oligodendrocytes studied in vitro","volume":"12","author":"Kettenmann H.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00584331"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.03-03-00500.1983","article-title":"Exclusive potassium dependence of the membrane potential in cultured mouse oligodendrocytes","volume":"3","author":"Kettenmann H.","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1966.29.4.768"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1981.61.4.829"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6095454"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(82)90285-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(85)90320-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.85.3.890"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","first-page":"389","volume-title":"Dynamic Properties of Glia Cells","author":"Moonen G.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6474173"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1966.29.4.788"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-10-02477.1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(74)90373-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-250452-5.50005-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1973.36.5.869"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.47.030185.002005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","first-page":"395a","article-title":"Cyclic nucleotide\u2010induced changes in formation of low resistance junctions","volume":"67","author":"Sheridan J. D.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1970.33.4.562","article-title":"Evoked sustained focal potentials and membrane potential of neurons and unresponsive cells of the spinal cord","volume":"33","author":"Somjen G. G.","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00584314"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.47.030185.001433"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.312530"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(85)80085-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490070108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(84)90108-8"}],"container-title":["Glia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fglia.440010108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/glia.440010108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T18:10:49Z","timestamp":1697911849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/glia.440010108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/glia.440010108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.440010108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-1491","1098-1136"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-1491","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-1136","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]}}}