{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T09:00:25Z","timestamp":1762160425020},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]],"date-time":"2004-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4029,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Glia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oligonucleotide probes complementary to specific regions of three thyroid receptor cDNAs were used to study the effects of thyroid hormone on the expression of the mRNAs encoding two \u03b1 (\u03b11 and \u03b12) and one \u03b2\u2010thyroid (\u03b21) receptors isoforms in rat cerebral hemisphere astrocyte cultures. Both genes are expressed by type 1 astrocytes. The levels of the \u03b11\u2010, \u03b12\u2010, and \u03b21\u2010mRNAs did not significantly change between day 8 and day 22, in cultures grown in the absence of thyroid hormone. L\u2010triiodothyronine (L\u2010T3) treatment of the cultures increased the levels of \u03b21\u2010mRNAs by fivefold without changing either the levels of the \u03b11\u2010 and \u03b12\u2010mRNAs or L\u2010T3 binding capacity. The effect of L\u2010T3 on \u03b21\u2010mRNAs was observed after 4 h of treatment and was independent of protein synthesis, suggesting that this effect is likely to be a direct one. Treatment of the cultures by cytosine arabinosine, a drug that kills dividing cells, specifically decreased level of the \u03b11\u2010 and \u03b12\u2010mRNAs by 60% and 38%, respectively. Finally, by immunocytochemistry, we showed that the \u03b21 receptor\u2010immunoreactivity was either located in the perinuclear region and the cytoplasm or in the nuclei of astrocytes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Taken together with previous data obtained in neuronal cultures where no effect of L\u2010T3 was observed on the levels of the \u03b21\u2010mRNAs, our findings indicate that the \u03b21 gene is differentially regulated in neurons and astrocytes. Furthermore, our results are also in favor of specific functions for both types of thyroid receptors during astrocyte differentiation. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440090203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,12]],"date-time":"2005-05-12T16:11:16Z","timestamp":1115914276000},"page":"105-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Thyroid hormone up\u2010regulates thyroid hormone receptor \u03b2 gene expression in rat cerebral hemisphere astrocyte cultures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jean\u2010Marc","family":"Lebel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"L'H\u00e9rault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean H.","family":"Dussault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Puymirat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90010-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"5059","article-title":"The thyroid hormone receptor gene (c\u2010erbA \u03b1) is expressed in advance of thyroid gland maturation during the early embryonic development of Xenopus laevis","volume":"11","author":"Banker D. 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