{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T22:59:09Z","timestamp":1765666749936,"version":"3.30.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":8431,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>This study was aimed at defining the therapeutic value of percutaneous ethanol injection in patients with solitary hepatocellular carcinoma less than 4 cm. Ultrasound\u2013guided ethanol injection was performed in 24 cirrhotic patients (9 Child A, 10 Child B and 5 Child C), with hepatocellular carcinoma not suitable for surgical treatment. Its efficacy was assessed by repeated ultrasound, computed tomography and tumor biopsy during a follow\u2013up ranging between 4 and 41 mo. Ethanol injection did not achieve a complete tumor necrosis in five cases after a minimum of 12 injections. Seven of the remaining 19 cases, with initial success, have shown recurrence during follow\u2013up, thus resulting in 50% success rate, which was significantly related to baseline tumor size. The six patients with nodules less than 2 cm achieved a complete response, whereas this was recorded in 2 of the 7 with tumor size between 2 and 3 cm, and in only 1 of the 11 cases between 3 and 4 cm. The 1\u2013 and 2\u2013yr survival of Child's A and B patients was 87% and 70%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>These results indicate that percutaneous ethanol injection is a useful treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in tumors less than 3 cm. The high survival rate among patients with nonadvanced liver disease suggests that this therapeutic approach can be considered an alternative approach to surgical resection for tumors smaller than 3 cm. (Hepatology 1992;16:353-357.)<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,4]],"date-time":"2007-03-04T01:12:14Z","timestamp":1172970734000},"page":"353-357","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":207,"title":["Tumor Size Determines the Efficacy of Percutaneous Ethanol Injection for the Treatment of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Vilana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Bruix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3","family":"Bru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Ayuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manel","family":"Sol\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Rod\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840160212-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060432","volume":"6","author":"Okuda","year":"1986","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840160212-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-68349-0_26","volume-title":"Neoplasms of the liver","author":"Ohto","year":"1987","unstructured":", , . Radiation therapy and percutaneous ethanol injection for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In: , eds. Neoplasms of the liver. 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