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Phenotypic characterization of DTC may be useful to improve evaluation of the metastasizing potential of DTC and also to more accurately target aggressive tumor cells. DTC were screened in bone marrow aspirates from breast cancer patients by immunocytochemistry with an anticytokeratin (anti\u2010CK) antibody (A45B\/B3). Because the cell permeabilization and fixation required for intracellular CK staining is deleterious for mRNA, we used microaspiration to isolate single tumor cells stained with a monoclonal antibody directed against a membrane epitope, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), in CK\u2010positive cases. Urokinase\u2010type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) was quantified by real\u2010time quantitative RT\u2010PCR. The SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line was used to calibrate RT\u2010PCR. A linear relationship was observed between the cycle threshold (Ct) of uPAR and 18S gene expression and SKBR3 cells spiked (1, 3, 7, 10 and 20) in control patient bone marrow. EpCAM\u2010positive cells were aspirated in 21 out of 25 bone marrow specimens from breast cancer patients with CK\u2010positive cells and uPAR mRNA expression was determined in 16 cases. A high level of uPAR mRNA in DTC was detected in 8 out of 16 patients (50%) and was associated with a more aggressive primary tumor phenotype (estrogen receptor [ER]\u2010negative, progesterone receptor [PR]\u2010negative or HER2\u2010positive) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01). We demonstrated that real\u2010time quantitative RT\u2010PCR was reliably adapted to phenotype analysis of isolated micrometastatic cells. A larger study would be useful to confirm the importance of uPAR to define higher risk subgroups of breast cancer patients with micrometastatic disease. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,12]],"date-time":"2004-11-12T20:24:35Z","timestamp":1100291075000},"page":"291-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Real\u2010time quantitative PCR determination of urokinase\u2010type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) expression of isolated micrometastatic cells from bone marrow of breast cancer 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