{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T18:10:48Z","timestamp":1774375848696,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]],"date-time":"2006-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12421,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>As tested <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> in a microcytotoxicity assay, purified peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder have a specific destructive effect on primary cultures of autologous and allogeneic tumour target cells, as well as on bladder carcinoma cell lines. No specific effect is observed on cells derived from normal tissues or tumour cells of other histogenic origin. Serial tests made on individual patients have shown that the incidence of lymphocyte cytotoxicity varies with the clinical staging of the disease. While 88% of patients with localized tumours, stage T1\u2010T2, have a response before treatment, the corresponding figure for those with T3\u2010T4 stage tumours is 41%. Local radiotherapy in tumour doses of 3,500\u20138,400 R either destroyed or diminished existing cytotoxicity. The response remained depressed as long as irradiation was continuous. After therapy all patients with T2 stage tumour redeveloped a response, usually within 7 days. While 80% of T3 patients had cytotoxicity at this time, the incidence in T4 cases was 50%. In some T3 and T4 patients no response redeveloped after radiotherapy or conversely a response was induced by the treatment. Patients lacking cytotoxicity after therapy invariably had distant metastases and\/or large residual tumours detected within 3 months. Weak post\u2010therapy cytotoxicity was usually accompanied by development of recurrent tumour or distant metastases during a 9\u2010month observation period; this was not seen in patients whose post\u2010irradiation cytotoxicity was strong during this time. In the absence of viable tumour the post\u2010irradiation response seems to wane with time. Evidence for this comes from patients tested 1\u201010 years after radiotherapy. Here the presence of cytotoxic lymphocytes was usually associated with viable tumour. The majority of patients clinically tumour free had no response. Maintenance of lymphocyte cytotoxicity, as measured in this system, therefore appears to require the presence of either viable tumour or tumour\u2010derived material. This cytotoxicity is inhibited however by large viable tumours and also metastases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910100111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]],"date-time":"2007-02-19T13:55:22Z","timestamp":1171893322000},"page":"77-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Cellular immunity to human urinary bladder carcinoma. I. 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