{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T12:12:00Z","timestamp":1775909520308,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]],"date-time":"2006-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9926,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies have shown that smoking is associated with a high incidence of certain malignancies and a high incidence of metastatic spread of melanoma. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether this high incidence of malignancy could be associated with certain aspects of immune function believed to be important in restricting tumour growth. Age\u2010and sex\u2010matched smoking and non\u2010smoking normal subjects and male, smoking and non\u2010smoking melanoma patients, were studied for the natural killing (NK) activity of their blood leukocytes against cultured melanoma and Chang cells. The levels of the various immunoglobulin classes in their sera and the E rosette levels of the normal subjects were also assessed. The results indicate that the NK activity of blood leukocytes from both normal subjects and melanoma patients who smoked was significantly lower against cultured melanoma cells than that of non\u2010smokers. Smokers were also shown to have lower IgG and IgA Immunoglobulin levels in their sera compared to non\u2010smokers but no differences in the percentage of E\u2010rosetting (T) cells was detected. Recent studies provide some basis for the belief that the low NK activity and immunoglobulin levels in smokers may be related. These results further suggest that a closer examination of the effects of this environmental hazard on the immune system and its relation to malignancy is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910230504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,19]],"date-time":"2007-02-19T17:46:10Z","timestamp":1171907170000},"page":"603-609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":204,"title":["Low natural killer\u2010cell activity and immunoglobulin levels associated with smoking in human subjects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Ferson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. W.","family":"Milton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Hersey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910190603"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/270557a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Prospectives in immunology","author":"Bonnard G. D.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood","volume":"21","author":"B\u00f6yum A.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Scan. J. Clin. Lab. Invest."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)80071-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/22.9.1465","article-title":"Use of laser nephelometry in the measurement of serum proteins","volume":"22","author":"Deaton C. D.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Djeu J. Heinbaugh J. A. Gresser I. Holden H. andHerberman R. Augmentation of mouse natural killer cell activity by Interferon and Interferon inducers.J. Immunol.In Press (1979).","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.122.1.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6051.1525"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1971.104.3.368"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Statistical methods for research workers","author":"Fisher R. A.","year":"1954"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"The ability of human serum to agglutinate sheep erythrocytes and the effect of tobacco mosaic virus","volume":"100","author":"Fletcher R. D.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Amer. Rev. resp. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/273759a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","article-title":"Natural killer cells\u2014a new cytotoxic mechanism against tumours","volume":"9","author":"Mersey P.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1978.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1979.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910180504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1128\/br.41.1.205-216.1977","article-title":"Environmental induced changes in immunological function: acute and chronic effects of inhalation of tobacco smoke and other atmosphetic contaminants in man and experimental animals","volume":"41","author":"Holt P. G.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bact. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-0922-2_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(74)90003-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.121.3.872","article-title":"Augmentation of human natural cell\u2010mediated cytotoxicity by a soluble factor. 1. Production of N\u2010cell\u2010activating factor (NAF)","volume":"121","author":"Koide Y.","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.12.3.550-555.1975","article-title":"Comparison of leukocyte count and function in smoking and non\u2010smoking young men","volume":"12","author":"Noble R. C.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Infect. Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910180508"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Reiber E. P. Saal J. G. Hadam M. andReithmiller G. Antibody induced tumour cell cytotoxicity mediated by purified human T lymphocytes. In: P. A. Miescher (ed.) VIIth International Immunopathology Symposium(1977)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.117.3.765","article-title":"HLA related control of spontaneous and antibody\u2010dependent cell mediated cytotoxic activity in humans","volume":"117","author":"Santoli D.","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaw H. M. Milton G. W. McCarthy W. H. Farago G. A. andDilworth P. Effects of smoking on the recurrence of malignant melanoma.Med. J. Aust.In Press (1979).","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1979.tb117780.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"In vitro lymphocyte reactivity and T\u2010cell levels in chronic cigarette smokers","volume":"22","author":"Silverman W. A.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin. exp. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90474-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"413","article-title":"Decline of natural nonselective cell\u2010mediated cytotoxicity in patients with tumour progression","volume":"37","author":"Takasugi M.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/243240a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.147.5.1299"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.119.3.1061","article-title":"Use of Fab fragments of antihuman immunoglobulin as analytic tools for establishing the involvement of immunoglobulin in the spontaneous cytotoxicity to cultured tumour cells by lymphocytes from patients with bladder carcinoma and from healthy donors","volume":"119","author":"Troye M.","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Immunoglobuline concentrates, PHA readies van lymfocyten in vitro en enkele antistof liters van gezende rokers","volume":"19","author":"Vos Brat L. C.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Jaarb. Ranker Neder."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/262584a0"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fijc.2910230504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.2910230504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T10:23:28Z","timestamp":1699784608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.2910230504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,5,15]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,5,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.2910230504"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.2910230504","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,5,15]]}}}