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Different types of images, such as computed tomography (CT); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomographic (PET), simulator, etc., are used to varying degrees depending upon their relevance to radiation oncology as well as their accessibility. It is often necessary to merge data from various types of images. The availability of three\u2010dimensional information from tomographic images has allowed the introduction of three\u2010dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) methods. Images are employed for diagnosing and establishing the extent of the disease, planning and delivery treatments, and evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment in controlling the disease and assessing the damage to normal tissues. Each image type has a unique informational content of importance to radiation oncology. To extract the maximum information from images, it is necessary to employ various image processing tools. These tools allow us to perform such functions as (1) image enhancement; (2) image correlation to register information from various images; (3) segmentation of images to extract the surface outlines of the tumor volume and normal anatomic structures; and (4) two\u2010 and three dimensional data visualization. One important aspect of planning radiation treatments is the computation of dose distribution in the patient for a proposed configuration of radiation beams. This step requires tracing rays in a three\u2010dimensional CT image data set to compute radiologic path lengths through the patient's body. Although images are employed to a great advantage in radiation oncology, many problems still remain to be solved. Of the various 3DCRT tasks, the outlining of contours of the volume of intended treatment and normal anatomy on images is highly labor\u2010intensive and fraught with uncertainty. In addition, the integration of data from various imaging modalities is difficult and error prone because of distortions inherent in imaging and also because of the motion, deformation, and displacement of patients and their internal anatomy. Investigations are in progress to find solutions to these problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.1850060105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T23:08:36Z","timestamp":1173136116000},"page":"14-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Imaging in three\u2010dimensional conformal radiation therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Radhe","family":"Mohan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Rothenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Reinstien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. 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