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Using a method that incorporates repeated phase rotation and convolution with a smoothing function to simulate spin diffusion in the presence of magnetic field perturbers, the dependencies of the absolute and relative changes in transverse relaxation rates (\u03b4<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* and \u03b4<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) on biophysical and physiologic parameters were explored. First we introduce the modeling methodology. Then we simulate \u03b4<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* and \u03b4<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> as physiologic and biophysical parameters are modulated within the ranges that they vary across subjects and voxels in the brain. The simulations demonstrate that the \u03b4<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* and \u03b4<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values that occur with activation\u2010induced changes in blood oxygenation depend most strongly on the resting state blood volume and field strength. The \u03b4<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>*\/\u03b4<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> ratios depend most strongly on the vessel radius and spin diffusion coefficient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.1850060203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T23:32:18Z","timestamp":1173137538000},"page":"133-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Effects of biophysical and physiologic parameters on brain activation\u2010induced <i>R<\/i><sub>2<\/sub>* and <i>R<\/i><sub>2<\/sub> changes: Simulations using a deterministic diffusion model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Bandettini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(93)81441-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910310605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Functional MRI of the Brain","author":"Weisskoff R. 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