{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T06:57:36Z","timestamp":1769497056408,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Imaging Syst Tech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Due to the significant increase in breast cancer cases and the limitations of existing early\u2010stage detection techniques, microwave imaging has emerged as a critical tool for the diagnosis of carcinogenic and malignant cells in various tissues. In this work, a 1\u2009\u00d7\u20098 miniaturized metamaterial\u2010based antenna array is conceived and developed for ultrawideband microwave imaging for early breast cancer diagnosis because of its improved accuracy. The developed antenna array features a small dimension, a wide frequency band, a high gain, and broadside radiation properties. To achieve the wider bandwidth from 3.34 to 6.79\u2009GHz, H\u2010shaped unit cells and T\u2010shaped feed network dimensions are optimized. The obtained wide bandwidth supports the generation of high\u2010quality images. A partial ground plane structure is used to improve impedance matching and further enhance the bandwidth. Antenna performance is first numerically and experimentally validated in free space. The antenna performance is validated via numerical simulation and experimental measurements in free space. A numerical phantom with similar tissue properties is created with and without the tumor. Differences in the back scattered signals from the antenna array elements can be observed due to the higher water content and larger dielectric constant of malignant cells as compared to healthy ones, which can be analyzed to identify the tumor or cancer. Here, eight antenna elements are arranged in a circle at a distance of 10\u2009mm from the breast. The separation between adjacent antenna elements is 17\u2009mm to reduce the mutual coupling. Furthermore, the breast tissue is scanned at different angles. At a time, one antenna is excited and the others are in the receiving mode. The collected signals are used to detect malignant cells. The existence of a tumor causes differences in the back scattered signals of the antenna elements. The absolute difference in transmission coefficients, with and without the presence of a tumor, is used to detect the existence of malignant cells. The suggested structure has demonstrated effective performance in microwave imaging using S\u2010parameter contrast.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.70295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T18:34:52Z","timestamp":1768156492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Breast Tumor Detection via S\u2010Parameter Contrast Using a 1\u2009\u00d7\u20098 Miniaturized Metamaterial Antenna Array for\n                    <scp>UWB<\/scp>\n                    Microwave Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9480-6985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanaa","family":"Salama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department Arab American University  Jenin Palestine"}]},{"given":"Duaa","family":"Zyoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department Arab American University  Jenin Palestine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6645-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashraf","family":"Abuelhaija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Applied Science Private University  Amman Jordan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9740-5957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muneera","family":"Altayeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communications and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Al\u2010Ahliyya Amman University  Amman Jordan"}]},{"given":"Ammar","family":"Al\u2010Bassam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Frequency Technology, RWTH Aachen University  Aachen 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