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Freeman, San Francisco, CA, 1979, p. 171."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-2166(82)90005-4","volume":"6","author":"Karpatschof","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Pragmatics"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB4","volume-title":"What Computers Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason","author":"Dreyfus","year":"1972","unstructured":"What Computers Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason, Harper & Row, New York, 1972. (Note that Dreyfus claims that digital computers cannot now duplicate the mind. He leaves open the question of whether computers with parallel distributed architectures can duplicate the mind.)"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB5","author":"Dreyfus","year":"1965","unstructured":"\u201cAlchemy and Artificial Intelligence,\u201d the Rand Corporation, 1965."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB6","author":"Gleick","year":"1983","unstructured":"\u201cExploring the Labyrinth of the Mind,\u201d New York Times Magazine, August 21, 1983."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB7","volume-title":"Essays on Creativity and Science","author":"Tang","year":"1986","unstructured":"\u201cOn Creativity and the Structure of Science,\u201d In Essays on Creativity and Science, (Ed.), Honolulu Council of Teachers of English, 1986."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB8.1","volume-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"3","author":"Searle","unstructured":"Space limitations prevent us from recounting the Chinese room argument here. For a full account, see \u201cMinds, Brains and Programs,\u201d In Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Vol. 3, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB8.2","first-page":"282","volume-title":"Mind Design","author":"Haugeland","year":"1981","unstructured":"England reprinted in Mind Design, (Ed.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 1981, pp. 282\u2013306."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB8.3","author":"Searle's","unstructured":"Also see \u201cThe Myth of the Computer,\u201d New York Review of Books, April 1982."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB8.4","first-page":"221","volume":"6","author":"Russow","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature and System"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB9","author":"Rudner","year":"1966","unstructured":"Philosophy of Social Science, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1966, pp. 69\u201370 and 82-83."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB10","volume":"95","author":"Churchland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mind"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB11","author":"Turing","year":"1950","journal-title":"Mind"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB12","volume-title":"From a Logical Point of View","author":"Quine","year":"1961","unstructured":"\u201cTwo Dogmas of Empiricism,\u201d In From a Logical Point of View, Harper & Row, New York, 1961."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB13","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Mind Design","author":"Simon","year":"1981","unstructured":"and , \u201cComputer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search,\u201d In Mind Design, (Ed.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1981, pp. 5\u201366."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB14","volume-title":"The Language of Thought","author":"Fodor","year":"1975","unstructured":"The Language of Thought, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1975."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB15","author":"Hofstadter","unstructured":"\u201cArtificial Intelligence: Subcognition as Computation,\u201d Tech. Rep. No. 132."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB16","author":"Weizenbaum","year":"1976","unstructured":"Computer Power and Human Reason, W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA, 1976 especially chapter eight."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB17.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2307\/2025382","volume":"68","author":"Dennett","year":"1971","journal-title":"The Journal of Philosophy"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB17.2","first-page":"233","volume-title":"Brainstorms: Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology","year":"1978","unstructured":"Brainstorms: Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1978, pp. 233\u2013255;"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB17.3","volume-title":"Content and Consciousness","year":"1986","unstructured":"Content and Consciousness, International Library of Philosophy, Methuen, 1986."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB18.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/bjps\/33.4.337","volume":"33","author":"Kitcher","year":"1982","journal-title":"British Journal for the Philosophy of Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB18.2","first-page":"519","year":"1978","journal-title":"Philosophical Review"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB19","first-page":"354","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Natural Man","author":"Boden","year":"1977","unstructured":"Artificial Intelligence and Natural Man, Basic Books, New York, 1977, p. 354."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB20","author":"Langley","year":"1979","unstructured":"\u201cRediscovering Physics with BACON.3,\u201d Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Tokyo, 1979, pp. 505\u2013507."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB21","first-page":"157","volume-title":"The Psychology of Computer Vision","author":"Winston","year":"1975","unstructured":"\u201cLearning Structural Descriptions,\u201d In The Psychology of Computer Vision, (Ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York, 1975, pp. 157\u2013209."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB22","volume":"21","author":"Lenat","year":"1983","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB23","first-page":"1030","volume":"5","author":"Pople","year":"1977","journal-title":"The International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB24","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Expert Systems in the Microelectronic Age","author":"Duda","year":"1979","unstructured":", and , in Expert Systems in the Microelectronic Age, (Ed.), Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1979, pp. 153\u2013167."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB25","volume-title":"Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Organic Chemistry: the DENDRAL Project","author":"Lindsay","year":"1980","unstructured":", , and , Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Organic Chemistry: the DENDRAL Project, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1980."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB26","author":"Feigenbaum","year":"1984","unstructured":"and , The Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence and Japan's Computer Challenge to the West, Signet, New York, 1984, p. 18."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB27.1","volume-title":"Beyond IQ: A Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence","author":"Sternberg's","year":"1984","unstructured":"See, for example, Beyond IQ: A Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1984;"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB27.2","volume-title":"Frames of Mind: the Theory of Multiple Intelligences","author":"Gardner","year":"1983","unstructured":"and Frames of Mind: the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, Basic Books, New York, 1983."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB28.1","first-page":"94","volume-title":"Readings in the Philosophy of Language","author":"Putnam","year":"1971","unstructured":"See \u201cThe Analytic and the Synthetic,\u201d in Readings in the Philosophy of Language, and (Eds.), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1971, pp. 94\u2013126."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB28.2","first-page":"658","year":"1961","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophy"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB29.1","volume-title":"Primary Mental Abilities","author":"Thurstone","year":"1938","unstructured":"See Primary Mental Abilities, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1938."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB29.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543054002179","volume":"54","author":"Sternberg","year":"1984","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB30.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-791X(86)90014-X","volume":"8","author":"Adams","year":"1986","journal-title":"Technology in Society"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030102-BIB30.2","volume-title":"Turing's Man","author":"Bolter","year":"1984","unstructured":"Turing's Man, 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