{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:13:11Z","timestamp":1760170391754},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":10105,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Intell. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988]]},"DOI":"10.1002\/int.4550030204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,8]],"date-time":"2007-07-08T13:18:34Z","timestamp":1183900714000},"page":"141-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The treatment of uncertainty in knowledge-based systems using fuzzy sets and possibility theory"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Didier","family":"Dubois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Prade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(78)90029-5","volume":"1","author":"Zadeh","year":"1978","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets & Systems"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691214696","volume-title":"A Mathematical Theory of Evidence","author":"Shafer","year":"1976","unstructured":"\u201cA Mathematical Theory of Evidence,\u201d Princeton University Press, 1976."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(78)80003-0","volume":"10","author":"Zadeh","year":"1978","journal-title":"Int. J. Man-Machine Studies"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Information and Control"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-1161-7_6","volume-title":"Modern Uses of Multiple-Valued Logics","author":"Bellman","year":"1977","unstructured":"and , \u201cLocal and fuzzy logics,\u201d in Modern Uses of Multiple-Valued Logics, and (Eds.), D. Reidel, 1977, 103\u2013165."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(79)90004-6","volume":"2","author":"Baldwin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets & Systems"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB7","volume-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems: Theory and Applications","author":"Dubois","year":"1980","unstructured":"and , Fuzzy Sets and Systems: Theory and Applications, Academic Press, New York, 1980."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB8","first-page":"3","volume-title":"the Analysis of Fuzzy Information","volume":"1","author":"Dubois","year":"1987","unstructured":"and , \u201cFuzzy numbers: an overview,\u201d in the Analysis of Fuzzy Information. (Ed.), 1, Chap. 1, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL., 1987, 3\u201339."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB9","author":"Dubois","year":"1985","unstructured":"and , (with the collaboration of H. Farreny, R. MartinClouaire, and C. Testemale) Th\u00e8oric des Possibilit\u00e8s. Applications \u00e1 la Repr\u00e8sentation des Connaissances en Informatique, Masson, Paris, 1985. (English updated version to be published by Plenum, New York, 1988)."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-1098(85)90004-4","volume":"21","author":"Dubois","year":"1985","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(86)90266-3","volume":"25","author":"Dubois","year":"1986","journal-title":"European J. Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB12","first-page":"287","volume-title":"Non-Standard Logics for Automated Reasoning","author":"Dubois","year":"1988","unstructured":"and , \u201cAn introduction to possibilistic and fuzzy logics,\u201d in Non-Standard Logics for Automated Reasoning , , and (Eds.), Academic Press, New York, 287\u2013315, 1988."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB13","volume-title":"Theories of Probability","author":"Fine","year":"1973","unstructured":"Theories of Probability, Academic Press. 1973."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-3848-2_6","volume-title":"Fuzzy Sets: Theory and Applications in Policy Analysis and Information Systems","author":"Dubois","year":"1980","unstructured":"and , \u201cNew results about properties and semantics of fuzzy set-theoretic operators,\u201d in Fuzzy Sets: Theory and Applications in Policy Analysis and Information Systems, and (Eds.), Plenum, 59\u201375, 1980."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB15.1","first-page":"260","volume":"7","author":"Prade","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB15.2","year":"1985","unstructured":"Corrections, 7, 747\u2013748, 1985."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB16","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Machine Intelligence","volume":"9","author":"Zadeh","year":"1979","unstructured":"\u201cA theory of approximate reasoning,\u201d in Machine Intelligence , and (Eds.), 9, Elsevier, 149\u2013194 (1979)."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB17","first-page":"949","volume-title":"Operational Research '84; Proc. 10th Triennial IFORS Conf., Washington, D. C., J. P. Brans","author":"Dubois","year":"1984","unstructured":"and , \u201cThe management of uncertainty in expert systems: the possibilistic approach,\u201d in Operational Research '84; Proc. 10th Triennial IFORS Conf., Washington, D. C., J. P. Brans, (Ed.), North-Holland, 1984, 949\u2013964."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/01969728408927749","volume":"15","author":"Dubois","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cybernetics & Systems"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB19","first-page":"217","volume-title":"Approximate Reasoning in Expert Systems","author":"Dubois","year":"1985","unstructured":"and , \u201cThe generalized modus ponens under sup-min composition: A theoretical study,\u201d in Approximate Reasoning in Expert Systems, , , and (Eds.), 1985, 217\u2013232, NorthHolland."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(76)90446-0","volume":"30","author":"Sanchez","year":"1976","journal-title":"Information and Control"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB21","author":"Dubois","year":"1984","unstructured":"and , \u201cOn distance between fuzzy points and their use for plausible reasoning,\u201d Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Cybernetics & Society, Bombay, New Delhi, Dec. 30, 1983, and Jan. 7, 1984, 300\u2013303."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB22","author":"Prade","year":"1985","unstructured":"\u201cReasoning with fuzzy default values,\u201d Proc. 15th IEEE int. Symp. Multiple-Valued, Logic, Kingston, May 28-30, Ontario, 191-197, 1985."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB23","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Expert Systems in the Micro-Electronic Age","author":"Duda","year":"1981","unstructured":", and , \u201cModel design in the PROSPECTOR consultant system for mineral exploration,\u201d in Expert Systems in the Micro-Electronic Age (Ed.), 153\u2013167, Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1981."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB24","first-page":"533","volume":"83","author":"Soula","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc. MEDINFO"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB25","first-page":"112","volume-title":"Fuzzy Logic in Knowledge Engineering","author":"Dubois","year":"1986","unstructured":"and , \u201cPossibilistic inference under matrix form,\u201d in Fuzzy Logic in Knowledge Engineering and (Eds.), Verlag T\u00dcV Rheinland, K\u00f6ln, 112\u2013126, 1986."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB26","volume-title":"Rule-Based Expert Systems, the MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project","author":"Buchanan","year":"1984","unstructured":"and , Rule-Based Expert Systems, the MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project, Addison Wesley, Reading, 1984."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB27","author":"Dubois","year":"1985","unstructured":"and , \u201cCombination and propagation of uncertainty with belief functions\u2014A reexamination,\u201d Proc. 9th Int. Joint Conf.on Artificial Intelligence, Los Angeles, Aug. 20-24, 1985, 111\u2013113."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1986.4308948","volume":"16","author":"Farreny","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1145\/321679.321688","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. of the Association for Computing Machinery"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1987.4309063","volume":"17","author":"Dubois","year":"1987","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Systems, Man and Cybernetics"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1108\/eb005612","volume":"11","author":"Cayrol","year":"1982","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB32","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Computer-Assisted Decision-Making","author":"Martin-Clouaire","year":"1986","unstructured":"and , \u201cSPII-1: A simple inference engine capable of accommodating imprecision and uncertainty,\u201d In Computer-Assisted Decision-Making (Ed.), 117\u2013131, North-Holland, 1986."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB33","author":"Buisson","year":"1986","unstructured":", and , \u201cDealing with imprecision and uncertainty in the expert system DIABETO-III,\u201d Proc. of the 2nd Inter. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Marseille, Dec. 1-5, 705\u2013721, 1986, Publ. by Herm\u00e9s (Paris), 1986 (in French)."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB34","first-page":"636","volume":"14","author":"Yager","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(83)80081-5","volume":"11","author":"Zadeh","year":"1983","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets & Systems"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1985.6313459","volume":"15","author":"Zadeh","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Systems, Man & Cybernetics"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB37","author":"Dubois","year":"1988","journal-title":"Comput. Intell."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB38","first-page":"148","volume":"19","author":"Zadeh","year":"1984","journal-title":"Information Processing and Management"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-6309-2_13","volume-title":"Aspects o Vagueness","author":"Zadeh","year":"1984","unstructured":"\u201cA theory o common sense knowledge,\u201d In Aspects o Vagueness , and (Eds.), D. Reidel, 257\u2013295, 1984."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(83)80056-X","volume":"19","author":"Yager","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int. J. Man-Machine Studies"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(85)80002-X","volume":"22","author":"Martin-Clouaire","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int. J. Man-Machine Studies"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB42","author":"Dubois","year":"1987d","unstructured":"and , \u201cRepresentation and combination of uncertainty with belief functions and possibility measures,\u201d In Research Report n\u00b0263, LSI, Universit\u00e9 P. Sabatier Toulouse, France, 1987d. Comput. Intell., to appear."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/03081078608934937","volume":"12","author":"Dubois","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int. J. General Systems"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB44","first-page":"167","volume-title":"Fuzzy Information and Decision Processes","author":"Dubois","year":"1982","unstructured":"and , \u201cOn several representations of an uncertain body of evidence,\u201d In Fuzzy Information and Decision Processes and (Eds.), North-Holland, 167\u2013181, 1982."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB45.1","author":"Dubois","year":"1987c","unstructured":"and , \u201cOn the combination of uncertain or imprecise pieces of information in rule-based systems\u2014A discussion in the framework of possibility theory,\u201d In Research Report n\u00b0263, LSI, Universit\u00e9 P. Sabatier Toulouse, France, 1987c."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB45.2","year":"1988","journal-title":"Inter. J. of Approximate Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1977.1674779","volume":"26","author":"Mamdani","year":"1977","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Computers"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1635354","volume":"24","author":"Adlassnig","year":"1985","journal-title":"Methods of Information in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-3754-6_13","volume-title":"Advances in Fuzzy Sets, Possibility Theory and Applications","author":"Lesmo","year":"1983","unstructured":", and , \u201cFuzzy production rules: a learning methodology,\u201d In Advances in Fuzzy Sets, Possibility Theory and Applications (Ed.), Plenum Press, 181\u2013198, 1983."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB49","author":"Ishizuka","year":"1981","unstructured":", and , \u201cInexact inference for rule-based damage assessment of existing structures,\u201d Proc. 7th Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Vancouver, 837-842, 1981."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(84)90098-8","volume":"14","author":"Baldwin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets & Systems"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB51","volume-title":"Fuzzy Logic in Knowledge Engineering","author":"Prade","year":"1986","unstructured":"and , (Eds.) Fuzzy Logic in Knowledge Engineering, Verlag T\u00dcV Rheinland, K\u00f6ln, 1986."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB52","author":"Dubois","year":"1986","unstructured":", and , \u201cWeighted fuzzy pattern-matching,\u201d Proc. Journ\u00e9e Nat. sur les Ensembles Flous, la Th\u00e9orie des Possibilit\u00e9 et leurs Applications (L. S. I., Universit\u00e9 P. Sabatier, Toulouse), 115\u2013145, June 27, 1986. (Revised version to appear in Fuzzy Sets & Systems)."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB53","author":"Andr\u00e9s","year":"1986","unstructured":", , and , Notion d'importance relative dans des requ\u011btes \u00e0 une base de donn\u00e9es impr\u00e9cises: exp\u00e9rimentation sur microordinateur. Proc. Journ\u00e9es AFCET Bases de Donn\u00e9es \u201cSGBD sur micro- ordinateurs\u201d (Publ. by Eyrolles, Paris), La Rochelle, Sept. 30-Oct. 1, 1986. pp. 182\u2013191."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB54","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence: Applications of Qualitative Reasoning","author":"Lebailly","year":"1987","unstructured":", and , \u201cUse of fuzzy logic in a rule-based system in petroleum geology,\u201d In Artificial Intelligence: Applications of Qualitative Reasoning' and (Eds.), Pergamon Press, 1987."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(85)90014-3","volume":"37","author":"Buisson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB56","volume-title":"Information Processing 86","author":"Farreny","year":"1986","unstructured":", and , \u201cApproximate reasoning in a rule-based expert system using possibility theory: a case study,\u201d In Information Processing 86, (Ed.), North-Holland, Proc. 10th World IFIP Conf., Dublin, Ireland, 407-413, Sept., 1986."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(86)90032-1","volume":"19","author":"Yager","year":"1986","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets & Systems"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB58","author":"Chatalic","year":"1987","unstructured":", and , \u201cA system for handling relational dependencies in approximate reasoning,\u201d Proc. 3rd Inter. Expert Systems Conf., London, June 2-4, 1987, 495\u2013502."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB59","author":"Bensana","year":"1986","unstructured":", , and , \u201cAn expert system approach to industrial job-shop scheduling,\u201d Proc. IEEE Inter. Conf. on Robotics & Automation, San Francisco, CA 1986, 1645\u20131650."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB60","first-page":"343","volume-title":"Advance Software in Robotics","author":"Farreny","year":"1984","unstructured":"and , \u201cOn the problem of identifying an object in a robotics scene from a verbal imprecise description,\u201d In Advance Software in Robotics and (Eds.), North-Holland, 343\u2013351 (1984)."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB61","author":"Dubois","year":"1985","unstructured":"and , \u201cShape understanding via fuzzy models,\u201d Proc. 2d IFAC\/IFIP\/IFORS\/IEA Conf. on Analysis, Design and Evaluation of Man-Machine Systems, Var\u00e8se, Italy, Sept. 10-12, 1985, 302\u2013307."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(84)90020-3","volume":"34","author":"Prade","year":"1984","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB63","author":"Dubois","year":"1987","unstructured":", and , \u201cTheorem proving under uncertainty: A possibility theory-based approach,\u201d Proc. 10th Int. Joint Conf. on Art. Intell., Milano, Italy, 1987, 984\u2013986."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB64","author":"Chalatic","year":"1986","unstructured":", and , \u201cAn approach to approximate reasoning based on Dempster rule of combination,\u201d Proc. 8th IASTED Inter. Symp. on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, Toulouse, France, June 18-20, 1986, 333\u2013343 Revised version in the journal Expert Systems: Research & Appl., 1, 67\u201385 1987."},{"key":"10.1002\/int.4550030204-BIB65","author":"Godo","year":"1987","unstructured":", , and , \u201cManaging linguistically expressed uncertainty in MILORD\u2014application to medical diagnosis,\u201d Proc. 7th International Workshop Expert Systems and their Applications, Avignon, May 13-15, 1987, 571\u2013596."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fint.4550030204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/int.4550030204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T15:32:44Z","timestamp":1675956764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/int.4550030204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/int.4550030204","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8173","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-111X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988]]}}}