{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T20:24:00Z","timestamp":1761164640209,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internet Technology Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Cloud\u2010Based Architecture is proposed for the Integration of 4G and 5G Communication in a Battery Management System (BMS) for Electric Vehicles (EV). This study compares Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and an AI\u2010optimized BMS algorithm. The AI\u2010optimized BMS has recorded 88% State of Health (SoH), with a good old traditional BMS only managing 72%. Furthermore, the AI model reaches 85% energy efficiency, 20\u2002ms latency, and 92% fault detection accuracy, surpassing existing approaches. Using Network performance analysis, 5G has 2.5\u00d7 more throughput, and less latency (approx. 60% less than 4G), empowering real\u2010time monitoring. This can make Over\u2010the\u2010air (OTA) updates 98% reliable with 5G and 85% with 4G, ensuring the software updates success rate. Incorporating this AI\u2010based BMS system with 5G provides efficient automation of the battery management process, improving battery lifespan, energy efficiency, and enabling fault detection, predictive analysis, and remote battery update. Ideal for next\u2010gen EV implementations, this scalable and cloud\u2010based edge solution extends performance with low operational expenditure and optimal battery lifecycle management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/itl2.70112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T23:54:12Z","timestamp":1754438052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integration of\n                    <scp>5G<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>4G<\/scp>\n                    Communication in Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles: A Cloud\u2010Based Architecture for Enhanced Performance and Analytics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1062-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Suganya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ECE School of Engineering, SR University  Warangal Telangana India"}]},{"given":"L. M. I. Leo","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ECE School of Engineering, SR University  Warangal Telangana India"}]},{"given":"Sreedhar","family":"Kollem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ECE School of Engineering, SR University  Warangal Telangana India"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.114732"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3441517"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/itl2.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenrg.2024.1454398"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.ZeeshanandV.Akre \u201cCloud\u2010Based Monitoring of Lithium\u2010Ion Battery Management Systems for Health Estimation in Manufacturing Industries (No. 2025\u201028\u20100200). SAE Technical Paper \u201d2025.","DOI":"10.4271\/2025-28-0200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/wevj14040101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/er.6889"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/itl2.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SE01238K"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/itl2.532"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0123520965283183240105063715"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en16114403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microrel.2018.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/acc09f"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vehicles6020038"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/er.6005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_18_1","unstructured":"H.He J.Zhang Y.Wang et al. \u201cEVBattery: A Large\u2010Scale Electric Vehicle Dataset for Battery Health and Capacity Estimation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2201.12358 \u201d2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_19_1","unstructured":"NASA Prognostic Center \u201cExperiments on Li\u2010ion Batteries \u201dhttps:\/\/ti.arc.nasa.gov\/tech\/dash\/groups\/pcoe\/prognostic\u2010data\u2010repository\/."}],"container-title":["Internet Technology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/itl2.70112","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T18:25:35Z","timestamp":1761071135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/itl2.70112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/itl2.70112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/itl2.70112","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2476-1508","2476-1508"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2476-1508"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2476-1508"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70112"}}