{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T20:24:01Z","timestamp":1761164641128,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internet Technology Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The increasing use of autonomous ground vehicles (AGVs) in warehouse automation necessitates effective and reliable collision detection systems to guarantee operational safety. The conventional real\u2010world evaluation of collision avoidance systems is resource\u2010demanding and hazardous, highlighting the necessity for dependable simulation tools. This article introduces an efficient simulation framework specifically developed for 2D LiDAR\u2010based collision detection, aimed at improving the safety performance of AGVs in warehouse settings. The proposed system simulates a realistic warehouse floor environment with multiple passages separated by obstacles. The framework's foundation leverages the cost\u2010effectiveness and simplicity of 2D LiDAR, employs ray\u2010casting methods and spatial filtering algorithms to accurately replicate 2D LiDAR scans and identify probable collisions with minimal processing expense. The simulation results indicate obstacle detection accuracy is very precise, using 2D LiDAR. This article offers a simulation environment for the immediate design and testing of 2D LiDAR\u2010based collision detection, significantly reducing the need for physical trials during the first development phases. The framework serves as a crucial tool for researchers and engineers aiming to improve AGV safety protocols in warehouse automation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/itl2.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T15:48:36Z","timestamp":1754668116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Efficient Simulation Framework for\n                    <scp>2D LiDAR<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Based Navigation and Collision Detection of Autonomous Ground Vehicles to Enhance Safety in Warehouses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Swamy","family":"KCT","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"G. Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology  Kurnool India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0842-1315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suman","family":"Turpati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. K.V Subba Reddy Institute of Technology  Kurnool India"}]},{"given":"Malika Anwar","family":"Siddiqu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of English, College of Arts University of Hail  Hail Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Anwer","family":"Jaafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research  Baghdad Iraq"}]},{"given":"Towseef Ahmed","family":"Shaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. Pullaiah College of Engineering and Technology  Kurnool India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0074-2584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudan","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, and Engineering Kathmandu University  Kavre Nepal"},{"name":"School of Computer Science, and Engineering Lovely Professional University  Phagwara India"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-05039-8_35"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24247929"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24103148"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-27579-1_53"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.Pozderac J.Velagi\u0107 andD.Osmankovi\u0107 \u201c3D Mapping Based on Fusion of 2D Laser and IMU Data Acquired by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle \u201din Proceedings of the 2019 6th International Conference on Control Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT) Paris France (2019) 1533\u20131538 10.1109\/CoDIT.2019.8820583.","DOI":"10.1109\/CoDIT.2019.8820583"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16244712"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2020.2973615"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.TummalaandA.Li \u201cLiDAR Sensor for Self\u2010Driving Cars \u201din Proceedings of the 2023 8th International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES) Coimbatore India (2023) 59\u201365 10.1109\/ICCES57224.2023.10192716.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCES57224.2023.10192716"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs17071214"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052534"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s25041211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24072284"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21020414"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/1491955"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.Jha S.Ahmad H. A. M.Abdeljaber et al. \u201cEnabling Resilient Wireless Networks: OFDMA\u2010Based Algorithm for Enhanced Survivability and Privacy in 6G IoT Environments \u201din IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCE.2024.3370414.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2024.3370414"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. D.Sarma K. C. T.Swamy andP. V. D.Somasekhar Rao \u201cForecasting of Ionospheric Scintillations of GPS L\u2010Band Signals over an Indian Low Latitude Station \u201din Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI) Memphis TN USA (2014) 265\u2013266 10.1109\/APS.2014.6904464.","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2014.6904464"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003102267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-29927-8.00001-1"},{"volume-title":"Lidar 101: An Introduction to Lidar Technology, Data, and Applications","year":"2012","author":"NOAA Office for Coastal Management","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.3015992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2020.011428"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"3810","article-title":"Enabling Resilient Wireless Networks: OFDMA\u2010Based Algorithm for Enhanced Survivability and Privacy in 6G IoT Environments","volume":"70","author":"Jha S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE"}],"container-title":["Internet Technology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/itl2.70114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T18:25:28Z","timestamp":1761071128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/itl2.70114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/itl2.70114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/itl2.70114","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2476-1508","2476-1508"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2476-1508"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2476-1508"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70114"}}