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Two different electrospinning processes, that is, blend and coaxial electrospinning, to incorporate a model drug tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) into poly(<jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010lactic acid) (PLLA) fibers have been used and compared with each other. The resulting composite ultrafine fibers and threads were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X\u2010ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile testing. It has been shown that average diameters of the fibers made from the same polymer concentration depended on the processing method. The blend TCH\/PLLA fibers showed the smallest fiber diameter, whereas neat PLLA fibers and core\u2010shell TCH\u2010PLLA fibers showed a larger proximal average diameter. Higher rotating speed of a wheel collector is helpful for obtaining better\u2010aligned fibers. Both the polymer and the drug in the electrospun fibers have poor crystalline property. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> release study indicated that threads made from the core\u2010shell fibers could suppress the initial burst release and provide a sustained drug release useful for the release of growth factor or other therapeutic drugs. On the other hand, the threads from the blend fibers produced a large initial burst release that may be used to prevent bacteria infection. A combination of these results suggests that electrospinning technique provides a novel way to fabricate medical agents\u2010loaded fibrous threads for tissue suturing and tissue regeneration applications. \u00a9 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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