{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T16:08:29Z","timestamp":1771344509563,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 113\u20102410\u2010H\u2010142\u2010005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113\u20102410\u2010H\u2010142\u2010005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 113\u20102410\u2010H\u2010142\u2010016\u2010MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113\u20102410\u2010H\u2010142\u2010016\u2010MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 113\u20102410\u2010H\u2010142\u2010025\u2010042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113\u20102410\u2010H\u2010142\u2010025\u2010042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Assisted Learning"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conventional language learning methods primarily focus on reading, writing, speaking and listening, which may be abstract for some students. Bilingual learning improves language fluency and oral communication skills, while art education fosters students' perception and expressive abilities, allowing them to deepen their language acquisition through visualisation. Visual art, through elements such as imagery, colour and composition, makes language learning more engaging and intuitive. The exploratory and hands\u2010on nature of artistic creation further facilitates students' natural use of language, enhancing their expressive abilities. However, classrooms and art exhibitions are constrained by space and resources, limiting students' opportunities for direct engagement with art.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study compared the effects of a virtual reality game\u2010assisted inquiry learning (VRG\u2010IBL) approach with a mobile game\u2010assisted inquiry\u2010based learning (MG\u2010IBL) approach on students' artworks, motivation and self\u2010efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An experiment was conducted with two elementary school classes in central Taiwan, comparing VRG\u2010IBL and MG\u2010IBL under equivalent instructional content.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicated that students in the VRG\u2010IBL group demonstrated superior academic performance and learning motivation. Moreover, the VRG\u2010IBL approach benefited the students' self\u2010efficacy with initial moderate and high self\u2010efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The VRG\u2010IBL approach enables students to repeatedly practice language skills and engage in artistic creation within an immersive environment, significantly enhancing their learning outcomes. This learning approach offers an innovative and practical approach to bilingual visual arts education, enriching students' learning experiences and language proficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcal.70182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T02:29:36Z","timestamp":1767320976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Virtual Reality Game\u2010Assisted Inquiry\u2010Based Learning on Bilingual Visual Arts Education"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Chih\u2010Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Educational Information and Measurement National Taichung University of Education  Taichung Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Jung","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Master Program of Teaching Profession National Taichung University of Education  Taichung Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5075-2997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min\u2010Chi","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multimedia Design National Taichung University of Science and Technology  Taichung Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8308-8946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih\u2010Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bachelor Program of Interdisciplinary Studies National Taichung University of Education  Taichung Taiwan"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00043125.2022.2076543"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Arts Integration and Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy: Supporting Bi\/Multilingual High School Learners in Biology","volume":"10","author":"Aghasafari S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2020.1841800"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12989"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220221221114046"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29071"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10632910903228116"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","volume-title":"Applying Standards\u2010Based Constructivism: A Two\u2010Step Guide for Motivating Students","author":"Bybee R. W.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58680\/la20042906"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12796"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12528"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TE.2015.2467352"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103751"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639\u2010024\u201012752\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13265"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tesj.698"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543049002222"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0023\u20108333.2005.00294.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2022.102181"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58680\/la19983288"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci10090225"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/elt.v10n6p53"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716403000250"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploring the Potential of VR in Enhancing Authentic Language Learning Experiences: A Study of Student\u2010Generated Virtual Reality Tours","volume":"23","author":"Hoang D. T. N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Teaching English With Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2019.1691605"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9707\/2168\u2010149X.1928"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00043125.2022.2053458"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2025.101544"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639\u2010021\u201010612\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5790\/hongkong\/9789622099586.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2022.2160468"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639\u2010021\u201010472\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13028"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12538"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648\u2010022\u201009675\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jade.12382"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03057267.2022.2082680"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/applin\/amm036"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/324500"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2020.1870504"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2023.3268282"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639\u2010024\u201012766\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13670050.2022.2116973"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12486"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932202X20978356"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561\u2010016\u20100028\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","volume-title":"A Manual for the Use of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ)","author":"Pintrich P. R.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2021.1874999"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6007\/IJARPED\/v10\u2010i1\/8939"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci14020192"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMLO.2025.142902"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2024.1388483"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsc.2023.101336"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-024-00952-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tesq.3064"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26803\/ijlter.21.10.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2020.1752735"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10632913.2017.1287802"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532771xjle0502_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0020739X.2023.2295892"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1218959"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14703290903525838"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055\u2010022\u201000656\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14156418"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10400419.2013.752260"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2020.1744666"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.1058803"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00393541.2009.11518783"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcal.70182","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcal.70182","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcal.70182","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T15:25:17Z","timestamp":1771341917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcal.70182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcal.70182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcal.70182","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0266-4909","1365-2729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0266-4909","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70182"}}