{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T02:01:38Z","timestamp":1776391298902,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EDU2014\u201055662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EDU2014\u201055662"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BES\u20102015\u2010075529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BES\u20102015\u2010075529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Assisted Learning"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although automatic elaborative feedback (EF) is effective for teaching conceptual learning in science, there is insufficient evidence on how to adapt it in computer\u2010based question\u2010answering activities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to examine how we can make automatic EF more effective and tailored according to the knowledge revision process proposed in studies with refutative texts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Students were required to read a science text and then answer a series of inferential multiple\u2010choice questions. After each answer, students received corrective feedback (right\/wrong) plus automatic EF, according to their experimental condition, and then had a second attempt to answer. Three types of EFs were compared: one focused on elaborating the correct answer (EF\n                      <jats:sub>Explicative<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), another focused on correcting incorrect ideas (EF\n                      <jats:sub>Refutative<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and another contained a neutral message (NF\n                      <jats:sub>Control<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). Two studies were conducted, one without text access while responding after EF, and the other with access to the text.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results of both studies show that EF\n                      <jats:sub>Explicative<\/jats:sub>\n                      is more difficult to process than EF\n                      <jats:sub>Refutative<\/jats:sub>\n                      , although the effects on performance on a second response attempt varied between studies. When the text was unavailable, EF\n                      <jats:sub>Refutative<\/jats:sub>\n                      produced a significantly higher proportion of correct responses than EF\n                      <jats:sub>Explicative<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and both groups performed better than NF\n                      <jats:sub>Control<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Nevertheless, when the text was available, these results were partially attenuated. After discovering errors in their learning process, learners tend to initiate a revision of their knowledge. Feedback that is congruent with this revision process was found to increase efficiency.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcal.70199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T07:26:07Z","timestamp":1770708367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Repairing Errors With Elaborative Feedback in Computerised Learning Environments"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6165-9085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia  Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}]},{"given":"Arantxa","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia  Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Cerd\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia  Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Vidal\u2010Abarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia  Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654316689306"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03173188"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11251\u2010017\u20109441\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.COMPEDU.2015.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164415612548"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10956\u2010008\u20109122\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543061002213"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00011363\u2010200501000\u201000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/BMB.21171"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032627"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ACP.1239"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/MC.36.3.604"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Psychology of Learning and Motivation","author":"Butler A. C.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000385"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CAEAI.2021.100027"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls1402_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11065\u2010008\u20109051\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08886504.1993.10782053"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2015.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1598\/RRQ.46.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1475725720971205"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/MC.38.4.407"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CEDPSYCH.2017.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S41239\u2010022\u201000348\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028389"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2011.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0969594X.2012.749212"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2015.05.009"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_16_30_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Using Open\u2010Book Exams to Enhance Student Learning, Performance, and Motivation","volume":"16","author":"Green S. G.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Effective Teaching"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_31_1","first-page":"249","volume-title":"Handbook of Research on Learning and Instruction","author":"Hattie J.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/003465430298487"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stueduc.2012.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.COMPEDU.2015.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0163853X.2015.1100572"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03395573"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2023.101847"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEPR.2017.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1469787412467125"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316832134.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1199327"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1195221"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9737.003.0022"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_44_1","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Progress in Education","author":"Kendeou P.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193491"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u2010295X.95.2.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410.2019.1659939"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.COMPEDU.2023.104785"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01320096"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64152\/10125\/73480"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.LEARNINSTRUC.2014.08.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_16_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.17811\/msg.30.1.2018.21-28","article-title":"Read & Learn: Una Herramienta de Investigaci\u00f3n Para el Aprendizaje Asistido Por Ordenador","volume":"30","author":"L\u00f3pez\u2010I\u00f1esta E.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magister: Revista Miscel\u00e1nea de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_53_1","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Reading Comprehension Strategies: Theories, Interventions, and Technologies","author":"Magliano J. P.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25115\/ejrep.v17i47.2156"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1138741600001700"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0163853X.2011.647618"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326950dp3801_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/EDU0000764"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CAEAI.2023.100199"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2014.1001992"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01638539809545042"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1344\/der.2013.23.7\u201026"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_63_1","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Instructional Design for Multimedia Learning","author":"Narciss S.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02568543.2010.531076"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5408\/15\u2010109.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_66_1","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Narrative Comprehension, Causality, and Coherence","author":"O'Brien E. J.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12973\/ejmste\/75414"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07370000701632371"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13562517.2023.2289128"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10763\u2010014\u20109520\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2010.483513"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10648\u2010024\u201009845\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745\u20106916.2006.00012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20109280.2006.01693.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278\u20107393.31.5.1155"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.0026\u20107902.2004.00225.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203820094"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2017.1329015"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/A0037559"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/XAP0000134"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S40037\u2010020\u201000606\u2010Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rev3.3341"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.LINDIF.2013.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1475725717695149"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.COGNITION.2012.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654307313795"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/RRQ.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EDUREV.2019.100296"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.28945\/4104"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.1192788"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10763\u2010010\u20109203\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1747021820913816"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.1418"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654314564881"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203154472-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2019.00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2023.2224444"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2016.1207538"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793962323410015"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/BUL0000309"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41539\u2010018\u20100024\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2020.1861948"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103668"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcal.70199","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcal.70199","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcal.70199","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T01:35:41Z","timestamp":1776389741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcal.70199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcal.70199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcal.70199","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0266-4909","1365-2729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0266-4909","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70199"}}