{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T02:01:43Z","timestamp":1776391303759,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Assisted Learning"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although researchers have conducted research on the issues of e\u2010learning, the current body of literature lacks a universally accepted framework. The existing body of research in this field exhibits a fragmented state of knowledge, as shown by the abundance of scattered and disconnected studies within the literature. These studies neither make substantial progress in theoretical development nor provide meaningful contributions to practical applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall objective of this research is to provide an integrated view of the body of knowledge of e\u2010learning challenges in higher education. Based on this objective, it is aimed to: (1) investigate the descriptive aspects of the existing research on e\u2010learning challenges, (2) clarify important themes pertaining to challenges and identify knowledge gaps in the examined literature of e\u2010learning and (3) propose a conceptual framework that would set the direction for future studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature review (SLR) is conducted to perform a comprehensive evaluation, compile the findings from prior research on e\u2010learning challenges in higher education, and synthesise them. TIPEC model served as the basis of the content analysis conducted in the present study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The challenges resulting from the analysis of 48 publications are categorised into the TIPEC model, which is refined and evolved into a matrix format considering the stakeholders of e\u2010learning. This matrix framework, formed based on categories and sub\u2010categories, allows the definition of each sub\u2010category to be made more broadly and clearly in terms of learner, instructor, institution, country, and generic. In this respect, a more inclusive and detailed theoretical framework of e\u2010learning challenges is developed and posed. Findings unveil 72 sub\u2010elements, 28 sub\u2010categories, and four categories of challenges, namely pertaining to \u2018Technology\u2019, \u2018Individual\u2019, \u2018Pedagogy\u2019, and \u2018Enabling Conditions\u2019. \u2018Interactivity (\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200959)\u2019, \u2018technological infrastructure (\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200956)\u2019, and \u2018system design\/development (\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200948)\u2019 as well as \u2018motivation (\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200948)\u2019 are the sub\u2010categories of challenges that are mostly experienced.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcal.70213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T01:14:45Z","timestamp":1773796485000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Integrated Framework of E\u2010Learning Challenges in Higher Education"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2487-0313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Banu","family":"Demirel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Administration, Division of Production Management and Marketing Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University, Faculty of Business  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl \u00dcniversitesi \u0130\u015fletme Fak\u00fcltesi T\u0131naztepe Yerle\u015fkesi  Buca Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}]},{"given":"Aysun","family":"Kapucugil Ikiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl \u00dcniversitesi \u0130\u015fletme Fak\u00fcltesi T\u0131naztepe Yerle\u015fkesi  Buca Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Business Administration, Division of Quantitative Methods Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University, Faculty of Business  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3619-2732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Banu","family":"Durukan Sali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl \u00dcniversitesi \u0130\u015fletme Fak\u00fcltesi T\u0131naztepe Yerle\u015fkesi  Buca Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Business Administration, Division of Accounting and Finance Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University, Faculty of Business  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}]},{"given":"\u015eadiye","family":"Ertaylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business Information Systems Programme Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University, Social Sciences Institute  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc T\u0131naztepe Yerle\u015fkesi  Buca Izmir 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