{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T02:01:49Z","timestamp":1776391309164,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N000142512335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N000142512335"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Assisted Learning"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Generative learning activities, such as self\u2010explanation, have been shown to enhance learning outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether their benefits persist across different types of media with various levels of distraction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study addressed three questions: (1) a value\u2010added question, (2) a media comparison question and (3) an individual differences question.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On day one of the experiment, participants learned about ocean acidification in one of four randomly assigned conditions: immersive virtual reality (IVR) lesson with self\u2010explanation prompts (IVR+), IVR lesson without prompts (IVR), a slideshow lesson with self\u2010explanation prompts (slideshow+) or a slideshow lesson without prompts. Participants in the self\u2010explanation conditions were prompted to explain the previous segment during each of four pauses in the lesson. One week later, participants completed a delayed posttest as well as several executive function tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results demonstrated that participants who received self\u2010explanation prompts scored significantly higher on the posttest than those who did not, supporting the value\u2010added question hypothesis. Additionally, executive function scores significantly correlated with posttest scores for participants who learned in IVR, but not for those in the slideshow conditions, supporting the individual differences question. However, there were no significant differences in learning outcomes between the IVR and slideshow conditions, countering the media comparison hypothesis. The importance of these findings is discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcal.70215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:16:01Z","timestamp":1773101761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inserting Generative Learning Activities During Pauses in Slideshow and Virtual Reality Lessons"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8658-1261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa P.","family":"Lawson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Landmark College, Institute of Research and Training  Putney Vermont USA"},{"name":"University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7161-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia Y.","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California USA"}]},{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California USA"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17275\/per.22.57.9.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12937"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11251\u2010022\u201009587\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.121.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648\u2010018\u20109434\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Infinite Reality: Avatars, Eternal Life, New Worlds, and the Dawn of the Virtual Revolution","author":"Blascovich J.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674419377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"ADHD Comorbidities: Handbook for ADHD Complications in Children and Adults","author":"Brown T. 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