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Highly activated, proliferating T cells become susceptible to apoptosis driven by a number of stimuli, and T cells activated during a viral infection become susceptible to \u201cactivation induced cell death\u201d after repeated stimulation through the T cell receptor (TcR). This is a major mechanism for the immune deficiencies observed during many viral infections. During infections with a high antigen load this can lead to a selective deletion of virus\u2010specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and to the establishment of persistent infection. More commonly, the CTL control the infection first, and high levels of apoptosis in the expanded lymphocyte population occur after antigen and growth factors become limiting. This cell death does not seem to depend on TcR specificity, as the residual population contains a remarkably stable population of memory CTL precursors that approximate the frequency per CD8 cell of that seen during the peak of the acute infection. Subsequent infections with heterologous viruses result in an expansion and then an apoptotic elimination of T cells, with the consequence being a reduction in precursor CTL specific for the first virus. Thus, apoptosis shapes the quality and quantity of T cell memory. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240590202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,28]],"date-time":"2005-05-28T22:10:23Z","timestamp":1117318223000},"page":"135-142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Role of apoptosis in the regulation of virus\u2010induced T cell responses, immune suppression, and memory"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Raymond M.","family":"Welsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liisa K.","family":"Selin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enal 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