{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:02:54Z","timestamp":1760644974280},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]],"date-time":"2005-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11753,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal Cellular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mechanisms which determine sodium and potassium content and volume of rat thymic and human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lymphocytes have been studied. The deleterious effect of cell isolation on monovalent cation content was proven by comparing thymus sodium and potassium concentration to that of thymocytes prepared from autologous hemithymus. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> distribution ratios of sodium\u201024 and potassium\u201042 between thymus water and plasma water were very similar to the distribution ratios of non\u2010radioactive isotopes (sodium\u201023 and potassium\u201039). The similar lymphocyte: thymocyte ratio of (a) cell volume (1.48), (b) cell sodium plus potassium (1.47) and (c) cell water (1.50) demonstrated the close correlation of lymphocyte volume with monovalent cation content and water content. Steady\u2010state CLL lymphocyte sodium (32 \u00b1 1.9 mM) and potassium (131 \u00b1 5.1 mM) and thymocyte sodium (31 \u00b1 1.2 mM) and potassium (136 \u00b1 3.9 mM) were similar; however, these steady\u2010state levels were maintained by quantitatively different membrane functions. Radiopotassium and radiosodium uptake by thymocytes was more rapid than by CLL lymphocytes. Ouabain\u2010sensitive potassium influx was 2.4 times greater in thymic (8.70 \u00b1 2.28 mmoles\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/min \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>) than in CLL (3.24 \u00b1 0.45 mmoles\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/min \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>) lymphocytes. Potassium exodus was also slower in CLL lymphocytes as compared to thymocytes. Ouabain\u2010sensitive sodium accumulation and ouabain\u2010insensitive sodium accumulation were also slower in CLL lymphocytes than in rat thymocytes. Half\u2010maximal ouabain inhibition of sodium entry was 7.5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> in thymic and CLL lymphocytes. The inhibitory effect of ouabain on sodium and potassium transport was easily reversible. Oligomycin inhibited ouabain\u2010sensitive potassium accumulation in both lymphocyte types. Four lines of evidence indicate the presence in the lymphocyte of a system of leaks and pumps, the latter subserved by a ouabain and oligomycin\u2010sensitive (sodium\u2010potassium) ATPase: (a) steady\u2010state monovalent cation gradient (K \u223c 20:1, Na \u223c 5:1), (b) the inability to maintain normal sodium and potassium gradients at cold temperature and in the presence of ouabain, (c) the effect of ouabain and oligomycin on active potassium influx and (d) the restitution of steady\u2010state sodium and potassium concentration after cell isolation, ouabain treatment and cold exposure. CLL lymphocytes as compared to rat thymocytes have a decreased rate of ouabain\u2010insensitive sodium uptake and potassium exodus requiring a reduced rate of active sodium extrusion and potassium accumulation to maintain steady\u2010state cation content. Ouabain\u2010sensitive ATPase is difficult to locate in lymphocytes <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> possibly because it comprises a very small proportion of membrane ATPase since magnesium activated ecto\u2010ATPase in intact lymphocytes is 1500 to 2500 times that of the intact erythrocyte. The inhibition by ouabain of blast transformation, mitosis, amino acid accumulation and nucleic acid synthesis <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, may reflect the importance of ouabain\u2010sensitive ATPase and monovalent cation transport in the function of lymphoid cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1040800309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,26]],"date-time":"2005-02-26T18:06:44Z","timestamp":1109441204000},"page":"383-396","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Lymphocyte monovalent cation metabolism: Cell volume, cation content and cation transport"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Marshall A.","family":"Lichtman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony H.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Peck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1159\/000458028","article-title":"Sodium\u2010potassium activated adenosine triphosphatase and cation transport in normal and leukemic human leukocytes","volume":"4","author":"Block J. 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