{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T12:32:01Z","timestamp":1762605121331},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]],"date-time":"2005-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4358,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal Cellular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the finding that glutathione S\u2010transferase Yb<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (GST) gene expression is elevated in the regressing prostate of androgen\u2010ablated rats, we analyzed GST transcript levels during steroid\u2010induced lymphocyte cell death. It was found that GST gene expression was induced in steroid\u2010sensitive cells within 4 hr of dexamethasone treatment, required functional glucocorticoid receptor, and was dose\u2010dependent with regard to hormone. GST expression was not induced in an apoptosis\u2010defective variant that contained normal levels of functional receptor, indicating that GST up\u2010regulation was the result of secondary events that occur during steroid\u2010mediated apoptosis. Using the calcium ionophore A23817 to induce lymphocyte cell death, GST RNA levels were increased in both steroid\u2010sensitive and steroid\u2010resistant cell lines, supporting the conclusion that elevated GST expression was the result of cellular processes associated with apoptosis, rather than a direct consequence of steroid\u2010mediated transcriptional control. The cells were also treated with dibutyryl cAMP to cause cell death; however, this mode of killing did not result in GST up\u2010regulation. Taken together, these results suggest that GST induction in dexamethasone\u2010treated T\u2010lymphocytes occurs early in the steroid\u2010regulated apoptotic pathway and that this may be a marker of calcium\u2010stimulated cell death. Based on the known function of GST as an antioxidant defense enzyme and its transcriptional regulation by reactive oxygen intermediates, we propose that the gene product of a primary GR target gene(s) directly or indirectly effects the redox state of the cell. Thus activation of GST gene expression in apoptotic lymphocytes is likely a indicator of oxidative stress, rather than a required step in the pathway. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041540316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,26]],"date-time":"2005-02-26T06:45:20Z","timestamp":1109400320000},"page":"573-581","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Elevated glutathione S\u2010transferase gene expression is an early event during steroid\u2010induced lymphocyte apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Francis A.","family":"Flomerfelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margaret M.","family":"Briehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Diane R.","family":"Dowd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ellen S.","family":"Dieken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roger L.","family":"Miesfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2118682"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Current Protocols in Molecular Biology","author":"Ausubel F.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-5-5-637"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(77)90060-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-5-10-1381"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.9.8.3473"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-5-8-1169"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11901","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)45291-X","article-title":"Identification of gluathione S\u2010transferase Yb1 mRNA as the androgen\u2010repressed mRNA by cDNA cloning and sequence analysis","volume":"262","author":"Chang C.","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. 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