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In this article, we describe the modifications of circulating miRNAs profile after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer. The expression of 188 circulating miRNAs was assessed in the plasma of 25 patients before and after NAC by RT\u2010qPCR. Two miRNAs, miR\u201034a and miR\u2010122, that were significantly increased after NAC, were measured in tumor tissue before and after chemotherapy in 7 patients with pathological partial response (pPR) to NAC. These two chemotherapy\u2010induced miRNAs were further studied in the plasma of 22 patients with adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) as well as in 12 patients who did not receive any chemotherapy. Twenty\u2010five plasma miRNAs were modified by NAC. Among these miRNAs, miR\u201034a and miR\u2010122 were highly upregulated, notably in pPR patients with aggressive breast cancer. Furthermore, miR\u201034a level was elevated in the remaining tumor tissue after NAC treatment. Studying the kinetics of circulating miR\u201034a and miR\u2010122 expression during NAC revealed that their levels were especially increased after anthracycline\u2010based chemotherapy. Comparisons of the plasma miRNA profiles after NAC and AC suggested that chemotherapy\u2010induced miRNAs originated from both tumoral and non\u2010tumoral compartments. This study is the first to demonstrate that NAC specifically induces miRNA expression in plasma and tumor tissue, which might be involved in the anti\u2010tumor effects of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 473\u2013481, 2015. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,30]],"date-time":"2014-07-30T22:17:17Z","timestamp":1406758637000},"page":"473-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients Induces miR\u201034a and miR\u2010122 Expression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Pierre","family":"Fr\u00e8res","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Li\u00e8ge Laboratory of Medical Oncology Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Josse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Li\u00e8ge Laboratory of Medical Oncology Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Bovy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Li\u00e8ge GIGA\u2010Research Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory Li\u00e8ge 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