{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:36:12Z","timestamp":1760661372941,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]],"date-time":"2005-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3779,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp;amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In spite of accumulating evidence for a modulation of sympathetic neurotransmission by endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO), it remains unclear in which parts of the vascular system and at what level this interaction takes place. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of endothelial and neuronal NO synthase (NOS) along the vascular tree of the heart at the light and electron microscopic level using NADPH\u2010diaphorase (NADPH\u2010d) staining as a marker for NOS. In addition, the functional effects of exogenous NO on coronary vascular resistance and cardiac adrenergic nerves was studied using the isolated perfused rat heart as a model. The intraaxonal catecholamine content of adrenergic nerve fibers was visualised and morphometrically assessed by applying glyoxylic acid\u2010induced histofluorescence. The expression of endothelial NOS in the heart was found to depend on the diameter of the blood vessel. Arteries &gt;100 \u03bcm always showed intense staining, whereas staining in smaller arteries and veins was considerably weaker. Smooth\u2010muscle free vessels were essentially devoid of NADPH\u2010d activity. In atrial and ventricular myocardium, neuronal NOS localised in autonomic nerve fibers along the entire vascular tree. Ultrastructurally, NADPH\u2010d staining revealed adjacent localisation of NOS\u2010positive and \u2010negative axons, suggesting an interaxonal modulation of adjacent autonomic nerve fibers by NO. In isolated perfused rat hearts, the intracoronary application of 10<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup> M NO produced a marked decrease of coronary perfusion pressure, which was accompanied by a distinct increase in intraaxonal catecholamine levels of intramural adrenergic nerve fibers. These results suggest that the entire vascular system from arteries to veins is under the influence of NO and implies that two independently operating NO\u2010driven processes are involved in the modulation of blood vessel tone: the well\u2010known pathway of endothelium\u2010derived NO acting directly on smooth muscle, and a second indirect pathway that inhibits noradrenaline release from perivascular nerve endings by endothelially or neuronally produced NO. The uneven distribution of endothelial NOS furthermore suggests that the latter mechanism predominates when the size of the blood vessel decreases. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070290214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,23]],"date-time":"2005-02-23T17:04:03Z","timestamp":1109178243000},"page":"161-168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Nitric oxide modulates sympathetic neurotransmission at the prejunctional level"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Addicks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Feelisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-11217-5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Light\u2010 and electronmicroscopic studies with regard to the role of intraendothelial structures under normal and inflammatory conditions","volume":"17","author":"Addicks K.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bibl Anat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1989.tb12569.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1986.tb16249.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(64)90144-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/347768a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1378650"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/305627a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"H871","article-title":"Endothelium inhibits norepinephrine release from adrenergic nerves of rabbit carotid artery","volume":"254","author":"Cohen R. 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