{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:55:14Z","timestamp":1767707714966},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1108684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3397,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A quadrature knee coil was used in conjunction with a magnetic resonance imaging scanner for quantitation of test phantom volumes, <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> bovine cartilage thickness, and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> human articular cartilage volumes. Optimal magnetic resonance parameters were obtained by testing a series of spin\u2010echo and gradient\u2010echo pulse sequences to determine the sequence that provided the highest resolution of articular cartilage and best defined the cartilage interfaces with synovial fluid and subchondral bone. Extensive testing revealed that two sequences were required to define articular cartilage accurately: a spoiled gradient\u2010echo sequence and a steady state free\u2010precession sequence. Three\u2010dimensional reconstruction and statistical analyses of test phantoms and of bovine and human cartilage images were performed. Differences between actual phantom volumes and three\u2010dimensional measurements demonstrated that, as magnetic resonance slice thickness was increased, the measurement variability also increased (coefficient of variation ranging from 1.7 \u00b1 1.3% for 1.0 mm slice thickness to 22.7 \u00b1 1.9% for 3.0 mm slice thickness). When the phantom volume was greater than 1,800 mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, the intraobserver, interobserver and interscan accuracies were greater than 97, 98, and 96%, respectively. This high degree of reproducibility pertained for the data on <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> human cartilage data also. For experienced observers, the intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility were greater than 98 and 97%, respectively. The interscan reproducibility was greater than 98%. These data demonstrate that improved magnetic resonance pulse sequencing, in conjunction with three\u2010dimensional reconstruction and measurement techniques, can accurately and reproducibly measure the volume of articular cartilage. Clinical application of this approach offers the potential for early diagnosis of osteoarthritis and for serial, noninvasive assessment of changes in articular cartilage volume in response to therapeutic modalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100130603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T11:02:51Z","timestamp":1109242971000},"page":"814-823","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Quantitation of articular cartilage using magnetic resonance imaging and three\u2010dimensional reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"K. W.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"Mikulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B. 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