{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:11:25Z","timestamp":1778821885830,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1108684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1997,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Osteosarcoma, fibrous dysplasia, and myositis ossificans contain osteoid\u2010producing cells that are not necessarily morphologically typical osteoblasts. Nevertheless, these pathologic cells may share differentiation steps with osteoblasts at the molecular level. Osteocalcin, a bone\u2010specific extracellular matrix protein, is a marker of mature osteoblasts. <jats:italic>Osteocalcin<\/jats:italic> is upregulated by the transcription factor core\u2010binding factor alpha 1, which is responsible for commitment to the osteoblastic lineage, and is downregulated by MSX2, a homeobox\u2010containing transcription factor expressed during the early proliferative phase of osteoblast differentiation. Semiquantitative reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction was used to compare expression levels of <jats:italic>osteocalcin, core\u2010binding factor alpha 1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>MSX2<\/jats:italic> in 34 osteosarcoma, five fibrous dysplasia, and five myositis ossificans specimens, as well as in seven normal cortical bone samples. Despite normal or elevated levels of <jats:italic>core\u2010binding factor alpha\u20101<\/jats:italic> expression in most specimens, osteocalcin expression was low or undetectable in most cases of osteosarcoma (25 of 34) and myositis ossificans (4 of 5). Single\u2010strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing did not identify and mutations in the DNA\u2010binding domain of <jats:italic>core\u2010binding factor alpha 1<\/jats:italic>. However, a high level of <jats:italic>MSX2<\/jats:italic> expression was demonstrated in these lesions, which may inhibit <jats:italic>osteocalcin<\/jats:italic> transcription. The presence of moderate levels of osteocalcin in fibrous dysplasia may contribute to the characteristic disconnected appearance of trabeculae in that entity because osteocalcin is a negative regulator of bone formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100170503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T10:32:02Z","timestamp":1109241122000},"page":"633-638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Expression of osteocalcin and its transcriptional regulators <i>core\u2010binding factor alpha 1<\/i> and <i>MSX2<\/i> in osteoid\u2010forming tumours"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sevan","family":"Hopyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nalan","family":"Gokgoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert 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