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Transfected cells exhibited an altered pattern of growth and tridimensional morphology in collagen gel. They also exhibited anchorage\u2010independent growth and loss of requirement for hormones and epidermal growth factor; in addition, they expressed invasiveness and increased collagenolytic activity in an in vitro system and became tumorigenic in irradiated nude mice, all properties indicative of malignant transformation. Transformed cells contained the mutated c\u2010Ha\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> oncogene and expressed the p21 mutated protein. These data indicate that the c\u2010Ha\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> oncogene is capable of inducing malignant phenotypes in immortalized human breast epithelial cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.2940040106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T19:55:02Z","timestamp":1172087702000},"page":"25-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Transformation of Human Breast Epithelial Cells by c\u2010Ha\u2010<i>ras<\/i> Oncogene"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Fulvio","family":"Basolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Tait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao Qin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Maloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irma H.","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Pauley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Momiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Caamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andres J. 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