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As a consequence, clinicians have to consider an increasing range of differential diagnoses when confronted with a patient with parkinsonism with a positive family history. While well\u2010established monogenic forms with PARK acronyms have been reviewed extensively, less emphasis has been placed on other inherited conditions that may also present with signs of parkinsonism or even mimic idiopathic Parkinson's disease clinically. In this review, we focus on three different scenarios in patients with an overall early age of onset of parkinsonism: (i) atypical features in patients with mutations in one of the \u201cPARK\u201d genes; (ii) classical parkinsonism due to mutations in \u201cother than\u2010PARK\u201d genes or yet other genes where parkinsonism may be a well\u2010recognized, concomitant, or even an isolated feature; (iii) atypical parkinsonism in other genetic disorders which are, however, typically characterized by features other than parkinsonism. Atypical features in patients from Group I include, for example, a slower disease course (PARK2, PARK6, PARK7) or dementia (PARK1\/4, PARK14). Conditions in Group II have been designated by a DYT or SCA acronym (for example, DYT5 or SCA3) and also include patients with heterozygous <jats:italic>GBA<\/jats:italic> mutations, mitochondrial gene mutations. Group III comprises mutations in the <jats:italic>FMR1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>MAPT<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>GRN<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ATP7B<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PANK2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FBXO7<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CHAC<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FTL1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Huntingtin<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>JPH3<\/jats:italic> genes, and a number of even rarer, miscellaneous conditions. \u00a9 2009 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,4]],"date-time":"2009-09-04T10:30:57Z","timestamp":1252060257000},"page":"2042-2058","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Hereditary parkinsonism: Parkinson disease look\u2010alikes\u2014An algorithm for clinicians to \u201c<i>PARK<\/i>\u201d genes and beyond"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susanne 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