{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:35:52Z","timestamp":1761006952526,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,22]],"date-time":"2005-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1127347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":630,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc of Assoc for Info"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intellectual property (IP) and intellectual property rights (IPRs) have increased in social, political, and economic importance in North America over the past two decades. There has been much talk of how we have, or are currently in the process of shifting to, an \u2018information economy\u2019 and an \u2018information society\u2019; and indeed, \u2018information\u2019 has become an increasingly valuable property, in the form of books, music, motion pictures, and corporate logos and designs. The major holders of this valuable IP have worked hard to have the laws protecting IPRs strengthened, with various consequences for public accessibility. The first part of this paper begins with a brief definition of copyright and a description of just what copyright was originally designed to protect. The second part of this paper focuses on the alternatives to copyright that are being developed in the digital realm, particularly for computer software and the Internet. As part of the battles that are currently being fought over control of this relatively new and somewhat unregulated medium of distribution, we will focus on the \u2018open source\u2019 software movement and the attempts to create \u2018information commons\u2019 that act to ensure the widest possible public accessibility to information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/meet.1450410123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,22]],"date-time":"2005-09-22T14:31:51Z","timestamp":1127399511000},"page":"198-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Public access to information and the creation of an \u2018information commons\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Wiseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kimiz","family":"Dalkir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,22]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Copyrighting culture: the political economy of intellectual property","year":"1996","author":"Bettig","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","article-title":"Commons Sense: Community Ownership and the Displacement of Corporate Control","volume":"23","author":"Bollier David","year":"2002","journal-title":"Multinational Monitor"},{"volume-title":"Lost in cyberspace? 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(2003) \u201cThe Case for Open Source: For Business.\u201d Retrieved January 20 2004 fromhttp:\/\/www.opensource.org\/advocacy\/case_for_business.php."},{"volume-title":"Class warfare in the information age","year":"1998","author":"Perelman Michael","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14452\/MR-054-08-2003-01_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Raymond EricSteven. (2000). \u201cThe Cathedral and the Bazaar.\u201d Retrieved January 20 2004 fromhttp:\/\/www.catb.org\/\u223cesr\/writings\/cathedral\u2010bazaar\/cathedral\u2010bazaar."},{"volume-title":"Competitive strategies for the protection of intellectual property","year":"1999","author":"Ryan","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"The Knowledge Conservancy. (2000). \u201cThe Knowledge Conservancy Mission\u201d. Retrieved January 20 2004 fromhttp:\/\/rackl.ul.cs.cmu.edu\/kc\/mission.shtml."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"The Knowledge Conservancy. (2000). \u201cExecutive Summary\u201d. Retrieved January 20 2004 <http:\/\/rackl.ul.cs.cmu.edu\/kc\/about.shtml>."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"Udell Jon.\u201cOpen source citizenship: Is all take and no give the dirty little secret of the open source movement?\u201d Infoworld Retrieved October 24 2003 fromhttp:\/\/www.infoworld.com\/article\/03\/10\/24\/42OPstrategic_l.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/40252219"},{"volume-title":"Free as in speech and beer: open source, peer\u2010to\u2010peer and the economics of the online revolution","year":"2002","author":"Wershler\u2010Henry Darren","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmeet.1450410123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/meet.1450410123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:50:49Z","timestamp":1760957449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/meet.1450410123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/meet.1450410123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/meet.1450410123","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0044-7870","1550-8390"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0044-7870"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1550-8390"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}}}