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Doing so reveals that LibQUAL+ only partially conceptualizes a library's operations. Furthermore, it emphasizes users' eventual outcomes, such as improved grades, but does not explicitly conceptualize users' more immediate need for epistemological value in the form of information, education, or persuasion. Finally, LibQUAL+'s survey correctly emphasizes the role of user self\u2010reliance and satisfaction, but it unduly deemphasizes users' need for professional information assistance and their actual experience of quality library service.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/meet.14504301112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,10]],"date-time":"2007-10-10T12:17:31Z","timestamp":1192018651000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Questioning LibQUAL+: Critiquing its Assessment of Academic Library Effectiveness"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Bill","family":"Edgar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Association of Research Libraries(2005)LibQUAL+ Spring 2005 Survey: Duke Universityhttp:\/\/www.lib.duke.edu\/libqual\/Washington D.C.: Association of Research Libraries"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Association of Research Libraries(2005)LibQUAL+ World Wide Web sitehttp:\/\/www.libqual.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/08876049610148602"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/602884"},{"volume-title":"The Measurement and Evaluation of Library Services","year":"1993","author":"Baker S. 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