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Linguistic differences still form a major obstacle to scientific, cultural, and educational exchange. With the ever increasing size of the Web and the availability of more and more documents in various languages, this problem becomes all the more pervasive. Besides this linguistic diversity, a multitude of databases and collections now contain documents in various formats, which may also adversely affect the retrieval process. This paper describes a research project aiming to verify the existing relations between two indexing approaches: (1) traditional image indexing recommending the use of controlled vocabularies or (2) free image indexing using uncontrolled vocabulary, and their respective performance for image retrieval, in a multilingual context. This research compares image retrieval within two contexts: a monolingual context where the language of the query is the same as the indexing language; and a multilingual context where the language of the query is different from the indexing language. This research will indicate if one of these indexing approaches surpasses the other, in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction of the image searchers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/meet.145044031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,11]],"date-time":"2009-02-11T15:56:22Z","timestamp":1234367782000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study on the influence of vocabularies used for image indexing in a multilingual retrieval environment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Elaine","family":"M\u00e9nard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Arsenault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7202\/1030017ar"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"AFNOR.1998. Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux \u00e0 \u00e9crans de visualisation (TEV) \u2013 partie 11 : lignes directrices relatives \u00e0 l'utilisabilit\u00e9.Gen\u00e8ve: Organisation internationale denormalisation."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Clough P.Gonzalo J. &Karlgren K.2006. Multilingual interactive experiments with Flickr. Retrieved March 12 2007 fromhttp:\/\/www.sics.se\/jussi\/newtext\/working_notes\/ 11_cloughEtAl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clough P. &Sanderson M.2003. The CLEF 2003 cross language image retrieval task. 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Flickr Retrieved March 12 2007 fromhttp:\/\/www.flickr.com\/"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmeet.145044031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/meet.145044031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:39:41Z","timestamp":1760953181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/meet.145044031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/meet.145044031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/meet.145044031","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0044-7870","1550-8390"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0044-7870"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1550-8390"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}}}