{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T19:08:31Z","timestamp":1772824111066,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":492,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc of Assoc for Info"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many Internet users are seeking health information online, encountering significant privacy risks in the process. Historically, these risks are associated with personally identifiable information, but behavioural tracking presents a new and increasing threat to privacy. In this paper, we analyze the disclosure, in a set of website privacy policies, of the collection of non\u2010personally identifiable information by consumer health information websites. The websites all engage in first and third party behavioural tracking using cookies and web beacons, and are among the sites recommended by consumer health sections of the Medical Library Association or the Canadian Health Libraries Association (see Burkell and Fortier, , ). Our analysis reveals that while the majority of these sites disclose both first party (6\/7) and third party (5\/7) behavioural tracking, the language used in these disclosures is difficult to understand, tending to minimize behavioural tracking and obfuscate agency in the tracking process. These results suggest that consumer health information website privacy policies do not provide optimal disclosure of behavioural tracking practices. Library and information science professionals should work with users to ensure they are aware of the behavioural tracking practices of the websites they visit, assisting them to interpret the disclosures provided in website privacy policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/meet.14505001087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T16:35:28Z","timestamp":1399566928000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Privacy policy disclosures of behavioural tracking on consumer health Websites"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Jacquelyn","family":"Burkell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Fortier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Handbook of literacy and technology: Transformations in a post\u2010typographic world","author":"Anderson\u2010Inman L","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayenson M. D.J.Wambach A.Soltani N.Good&C.J.Hoofnagle. (2011).Flash cookies and privacy II: Now with HTML5 and ETag respawning. Retrieved April 29 2013 fromhttp:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=1898390","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1898390"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/ils.2011.0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"Annual Conference of the Canadian Association for Information Science","author":"Burkell J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Information: Interactions and Impact","author":"Burkell J.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Canadian Health Libraries Association. (2010).Consumer Health Information Providers Interest Group.Top 10 Canadian consumer health websites. Retrieved April 29 2013 fromhttp:\/\/www.chla\u2010absc.ca\/chipig\/Events\/CHLA2010poster.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Privacy considerations of online behavioural tracking","author":"Castelluccia C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"Online behavioural tracking and targeting concerns and solution","author":"Center for Digital Democracy, Consumer Federation of America, Consumers Union et al","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Good Health?","author":"Chester J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/16.6.671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2005.844927"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","volume-title":"Health Topics: 80% of internet users look for health information online","author":"Fox S.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","volume-title":"Vital decisions: How Internet users decide what information to trust when they or their loved ones are sick","author":"Fox S","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"Kosinski M. Stillwell D. &Graepel T.(2013).Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America early edition. Retrieved April 29 2013 fromhttp:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/early\/2013\/03\/06\/1218772110.short."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"McDonald A.M.&L. F.Cranor. (2010).Beliefs and behaviors: Internet users' understanding of behavioral advertising. Retrieved April 29 2013 fromhttp:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1989092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"Medical Library Association. (n.d.). A user's guide to finding and evaluating health information on the web. Retrieved April 29 2013 fromhttp:\/\/www.mlanet.org\/resources\/userguide.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"Medical Library Association. (2010).Consumer and Patient Health Information Section CAPHIS top 100 list health websites you can trust. Retrieved April 29 2013 fromhttp:\/\/caphis.mlanet.org\/consumer\/top100all.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0270467610365355"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-005-7898-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1758348912Z.00000000016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soltani A. S.Canty Q.Mayo L.Thomas&C.J.Hoofnagle. (2009).Flash cookies and privacy. Available: Retrieved April 29 2013 fromhttp:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1446862","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1446862"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada(2011).2010 Canadian Internet Use Survey. Retrieved April 29 2013 fromhttp:\/\/www23.statcan.gc.ca\/imdb\/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=4432&lang=en&db=imdb&adm=8&dis=2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","unstructured":"United States Federal Trade Commission. (2009).FTC Staff Report: Self\u2010Regulatory Principles for Online Behavioral Advertising. 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