{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T16:29:13Z","timestamp":1770481753391,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]],"date-time":"2013-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this report, the feasibility of using blood as an agent for Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) effect is investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CEST effect of porcine blood samples was investigated on a 3.0 T MRI scanner using various power levels and on a 14.1 T NMR spectrometer. As a proof\u2010of\u2010concept that CEST can be used to image blood in vivo, the technique was applied in two locations of healthy human volunteers, namely, the femoral artery and the M1\u2010segment of the middle cerebral artery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The blood sample experiments showed that maximum CEST Magnetization Transfer Ratio asymmetry (MTR<jats:sub>asym<\/jats:sub>) values of \u223c 12% were achieved, with likely contributions from multiple blood components. These findings were confirmed during the in vivo experiments where CEST signal of blood was clearly greater than surrounding muscular (2%) and brain tissue (3%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ex vivo and in vivo results show that blood is a suitable CEST agent that generates sufficient CEST contrast relative to surrounding tissue. <jats:bold>Magn Reson Med 71:1082\u20131092, 2014. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]],"date-time":"2013-05-09T17:42:40Z","timestamp":1368121360000},"page":"1082-1092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Chemical exchange saturation transfer effect in blood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Shaokuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology UMASS Medical School Worcester Massachusetts USA"}]},{"given":"Imramsjah M. J.","family":"van der Bom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology UMASS Medical School Worcester Massachusetts USA"}]},{"given":"Zhongliang","family":"Zu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA"}]},{"given":"Guoxing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry Clark University Worcester Massachusetts USA"}]},{"given":"Yansong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare Cleveland Ohio USA"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Gounis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology UMASS Medical School Worcester Massachusetts USA"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmre.1999.1956"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0158455"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnmrs.2006.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22761"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707666105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11101841"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1671"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1741"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0700281104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm907"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2594(200011)44:5<799::AID-MRM18>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-3757(20021115)114:22<4510::AID-ANGE4510>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja063874f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja053799t"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2615"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0264044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar020228m"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja038345f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21873"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"814","volume-title":"Aldrich Chemical Company. The Aldrich library of 13C and 1H FT NMR spectra","author":"Pouchert CJ","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10651"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.19.070150.002205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00101a004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10398"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1380","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00175a713","article-title":"Proton NMR\u2010spectroscopy of human blood plasma and red blood cells","volume":"60","author":"Rabenstein DL","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2364(80)90086-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.683"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910350106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"2339","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of ISMRM","author":"Jin T","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2005.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21387"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910350110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","first-page":"660","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of ISMRM","author":"Swanson S","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1282"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","first-page":"628","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of 3D time\u2010of\u2010flight MR angiography compared with digital subtraction angiography for follow\u2010up of coiled intracranial aneurysms: influence of aneurysm size","volume":"28","author":"Deutschmann HA","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.219.1.r01mr06108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","first-page":"1797","article-title":"Intracranial aneurysms treated with guglielmi detachable coils: is contrast material necessary in the follow\u2010up with 3d time\u2010of\u2010flight MR angiography?","volume":"24","author":"Cottier J\u2010P","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20247"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","first-page":"1900","article-title":"Contrast\u2010enhanced mr angiography of intracranial giant aneurysms","volume":"21","author":"J\u00e4ger HR","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1932"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000019510.32145.A9"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmrm.24770","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmrm.24770","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.24770","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T02:04:37Z","timestamp":1696385077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.24770"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.24770"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.24770","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-01-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-03-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-05-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}