{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T05:05:35Z","timestamp":1737090335508,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]],"date-time":"2006-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1160524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13067,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1971,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper contains the results of an exploratory study aimed at developing a model which could form the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the Air Traffic Control system. This model could be used to evaluate the effects of proposed changes in the system.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The results will be presented in three parts. Part I is intended to provide an overview of the results as well as a detailed description of a traffic flow model which computes the means and variances of delays experienced by individual aircraft. Since this model requires as an input a statistical description of the arrival and departure service processes, Part II describes a model which relates these processes to more basic quantities (e.g., aircraft mix, runway configuration). Since the models which are developed represent a physical system, the question of validation arises and is also discussed in Part II. Part III of the paper considers the question of designing a (real\u2010time) flow control system. It is formulated as a problem of minimizing a measure of system delay subject to constraints on the allowable departure and arrival times. Illustrative results are included through\u2010out the paper.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/net.3230010104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,10]],"date-time":"2007-05-10T22:22:59Z","timestamp":1178835779000},"page":"15-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A study of the analysis and control of the flow of air traffic: Part I"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"L. J.","family":"Forys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Heffes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Holtzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Horing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. J.","family":"Messerli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. I.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Stiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"Report of the Dept. of Transportation Air Traffic Control advisory Committee Aug. 1 1969."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. B.AdlerandS. J.Fricker \u201cNotes on the Flow of Scheduled Air Traffic \u201dIRE Trans. on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics June 1955. pp.22\u201331.","DOI":"10.1109\/TANE3.1955.4201396"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"E.Hooten et. el. \u201cOperational Evaluation of Airport Runway Design and Capacity (A Study of Methods and Techniques)\u201d Airborne Instruments Laboratory Report 7601\u20136(FAA\/BFO\u2013136 AD 417202)January 1963."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.6.2.264"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1959.tb00309.x","article-title":"Geometric Distributions in the Theory of Queues","author":"Winsten C. B.","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Roy. Stat. Soc., Ser. B"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1960.tb00358.x","article-title":"A Queueing Problem in Which the Arrival Times of the Customers are Scheduled","author":"Mercer A.","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Roy. Stat. Soc., Ser. B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3212264"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3211925"},{"volume-title":"Mathematical Methods of Statistics","year":"1946","author":"Cramer H.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","unstructured":"R. M.Harris \u201cModels for Runway Capacity Analysis \u201dMITRE Tech. REpt. 4102 (Contract No. DDT\u2010FA69NS\u2010162) Oct. 30 1969(supporting document for [1])."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","unstructured":"R. L.Erwin \u201cInfluence of Flight Dynamics on Terminal Sequencing and Approach Control\u201dThe Boeing Company Renton Wash. (supporting document for [1])."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","unstructured":"\u201cAnalysis of a Capacity Concept for Runway and Final\u2010Approach Path Airspace\u201dNBS Rept. 10111 (FAA Project No. 187\u2013601\u201301R SRDS Rept. No. RD\u201369\u201347) Nov.1969."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","article-title":"Sensitivities of a Terminal Air Control Concept to Uncertainties in Control Information","volume":"4076","author":"Ottoson H. I.","year":"1969","journal-title":"MITRE Tech. Rept."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","unstructured":"E. N.Hooton et al. \u201cOperational Development of Techniques for Computing Airport Capacity \u201dAIL June 1969."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Kac J.KieferandJ.Wolfowitz \u201cOn Tests of Normality and Other Tests of Goodness of Fit Based on Distance Methods \u201dAnnals of Math. Stat. 1955 pp.189\u2013211.","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177728538"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. A.Darling \u201cThe Kolmogorov\u2010Smirnov Cramer\u2010Von Mises Tests \u201dAnnals of Math. Stat. 1957 pp.823\u2013838.","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177706788"},{"volume-title":"Introduction to the Theory of Statistics","year":"1963","author":"Mood A.","key":"e_1_2_1_18_2"},{"volume-title":"Theory of Probability","year":"1963","author":"Gnedenki B. V.","key":"e_1_2_1_19_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","unstructured":"G. L.Mallen \u201cA Digital Simulation of Airport Runway Utilization Comparing the Effects of Alternative Queue Disciplines and of Various Types of Traffic Input \u201dTech. Note No. Math. 109 Royal Aircraft Establishment London August 1964."},{"volume-title":"Working Paper, Office of Economics and Systems Analysis","year":"1968","author":"Tani S. N.","key":"e_1_2_1_21_2"},{"volume-title":"Linear Programming and Extensions","year":"1963","author":"Dantzing G. B.","key":"e_1_2_1_22_2"},{"volume-title":"Theory of Scheduling","year":"1967","author":"Conway R. W.","key":"e_1_2_1_23_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","unstructured":"M.HeldandR. M.Karp \u201cA Dynamic Programming Approach to Sequencing Problems \u201dJ. SIAMVo. 10 No. 1 March1962."},{"volume-title":"Mathematical Theory of Reliability","year":"1965","author":"Barlow R. E.","key":"e_1_2_1_25_2"},{"volume-title":"Finite Markov Chains","year":"1960","author":"Kemeny J. 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