{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T07:24:06Z","timestamp":1779261846683,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]],"date-time":"2004-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4028,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurobiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In amphibians and other vertebrates, neural development is induced in the ectoderm by signals coming from the dorsal mesoderm during gastrulation. Classical embryological results indicated that these signals follow a \u201cvertical\u201d path, from the involuted dorsal mesoderm to the overlying ectoderm. Recent work with the frog <jats:italic>Xenopus laevis<\/jats:italic>, however, has revealed the existence of \u201cplanar\u201d neural\u2010inducing signals, which pass within the continuous sheet or plane of tissue formed by the dorsal mesoderm and presumptive neurectoderm. Much of this work has made use of Keller explants, in which dorsal mesoderm and ectoderm are cultured in a planar configuration with contact along only a single edge, and vertical contact is prevented. Planar signals can induce the full anteroposterior (A\u2010P) extent of neural pattern, as evidenced in Keller explants by the expression of genes that mark specific positions along the A\u2010P axis. In this review, classical and modern molecular work on vertical and planar inductionwill be discussed. This will be followed by a discussion of various models for vertical induction and planar induction. It has been proposed that the A\u2010P pattern in the nervous system is derived from a parallel pattern of inducers in the dorsal mesoderm which is \u201cimprinted\u201d vertically onto the overlying ectoderm. Since it is now known that planar signals can also induce A\u2010P neural pattern, this kind of model must be reassessed. The study of planar induction of A\u2010P pattern in <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> embryos provides a simple, manipulable, two\u2010dimensional system in which to investigate pattern formation. \u00a9 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480241003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T03:38:51Z","timestamp":1104550731000},"page":"1256-1275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Planar and vertical induction of anteroposterior pattern during the development of the amphibian central nervous system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Tabitha","family":"Doniach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-169X.1987.00535.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90616-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"407","article-title":"Dose and time\u2010dependent mesoderm induction and outgrowth formation by activin A in Xenopus laevis","volume":"35","author":"Ariizumi T.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. 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