{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T11:18:56Z","timestamp":1789903136036,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,27]],"date-time":"2016-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":361,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Assoc. Info. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infrastructures are not inherently durable or fragile, yet all are fragile over the long term. Durability requires care and maintenance of individual components and the links between them. Astronomy is an ideal domain in which to study knowledge infrastructures, due to its long history, transparency, and accumulation of observational data over a period of centuries. Research reported here draws upon a long\u2010term study of scientific data practices to ask questions about the durability and fragility of infrastructures for data in astronomy. Methods include interviews, ethnography, and document analysis. As astronomy has become a digital science, the community has invested in shared instruments, data standards, digital archives, metadata and discovery services, and other relatively durable infrastructure components. Several features of data practices in astronomy contribute to the fragility of that infrastructure. These include different archiving practices between ground\u2010 and space\u2010based missions, between sky surveys and investigator\u2010led projects, and between observational and simulated data. Infrastructure components are tightly coupled, based on international agreements. However, the durability of these infrastructures relies on much invisible work \u2013 cataloging, metadata, and other labor conducted by information professionals. Continual investments in care and maintenance of the human and technical components of these infrastructures are necessary for sustainability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pra2.2016.14505301057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,27]],"date-time":"2016-12-27T06:08:13Z","timestamp":1482818893000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The durability and fragility of knowledge infrastructures: Lessons learned from astronomy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Christine L.","family":"Borgman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Studies University of California Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley E.","family":"Sands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Studies University of California Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter T.","family":"Darch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena S.","family":"Golshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Studies University of California Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"415","article-title":"Semantic Interlinking of Resources in the Virtual Observatory Era","volume":"442","author":"Accomazzi A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Astronomical Society of the Pacific"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"ADS. 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