{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:51:37Z","timestamp":1761094297154,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":296,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Assoc. Info. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper sets out to understand the values that motivate vaccine safety advocates who question the safety of vaccines and oppose vaccination mandates. As is generally the case for public scientific controversies, the vaccination debate is inherently asymmetrical. The vast majority of medical researchers advocate for vaccination mandates. While a (smaller) majority of the general public also support vaccination mandates, a vocal and growing minority opposes vaccination mandates. This minority is generally dismissed by most mainstream voices in the scientific literature and the mass media as uninformed and irrational. However, efforts to sway these individuals through public health campaigns have been largely ineffective to date. To understand the factors that motivate individuals within the vaccine safety movement, we conducted interviews with 10 individuals who self\u2010identify as vaccine safety advocates, asking them about the values and information behaviors that have shaped their skepticism of vaccines. Using thematic analysis, we identified four key themes that reoccurred across these interviews: benevolence toward children, intellectual curiosity about vaccines, skepticism toward scientific elites, and respect for the scientific method. The results of this study can help us to understand how values motivate individuals to take positions outside of the mainstream in public scientific controversies, such as climate change and genetically modified foods. Further, the findings help to demonstrate that enhanced understanding of the values that motivate vaccine safety advocates can help us to create shared dialogues that unite rather than divide factions within the vaccination debate, moving from conflict to consensus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pra2.2017.14505401026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T03:35:36Z","timestamp":1508816136000},"page":"232-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Questioning science with science: The evolution of the vaccine safety movement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Kolina S.","family":"Koltai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information The University of Texas at Austin  USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth R.","family":"Fleischmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information The University of Texas at Austin  USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.09.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.13.1.274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17730\/0018-7259.76.1.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"CDC.(2015 September).Pertussis Outbreak Trends. Retrieved April 6 2016 fromhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/pertussis\/out-breaks\/trends.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng A.\u2010S. &Fleischmann K. R.(2010).Developing a meta\u2010in\u2010ventory of human values.Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 47 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1002\/meet.14504701232"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.22646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1527154408317851"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1075547012458290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00335637809383443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853003769233342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-02332-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedman B. &Kahn P. H. Jr.(2008). Human values ethics and design. InA.Sears&J. A.Jacko(Eds.) The human\u2010computer interaction handbook fundamentals evolving technologies and emerging applications(Second edition) (pp.1241\u20131266). New York.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781410615862.ch63"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu F. Rosenbloom D. I. Wang L. &Nowak M. A.(2011).Imitation dynamics of vaccination behaviour on social networks.Proceedings Biological Sciences 278(;1702) 42\u201349.","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.1107"},{"volume-title":"Vast majority of Americans say benefits of childhood vaccines outweigh risks","year":"2017","author":"Funk C.","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2005.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650211416646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.30.012703.110640"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/932741"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.11.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490512000306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009062"},{"volume-title":"The controversy manual","year":"2014","author":"Martin B.","key":"e_1_2_10_31_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scipol\/scu061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitra T. Counts S. &Pennebaker J. W.(2016).Understanding anti\u2010vaccination attitudes in social media. InProceedings of the tenth international AAAI conference on web and social media pp.269\u2013278.","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v10i1.14729"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17538068.2016.1235531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pepo.2012.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.4342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1075547015613523"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483326061"},{"volume-title":"The nature of human values","year":"1973","author":"Rokeach M.","key":"e_1_2_10_40_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.5.470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.03.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1994.tb01196.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","unstructured":"Schwartz S. H.(2003). A proposal for measuring value orientations across nations. InQuestionnaire package of the European social survey(pp.259\u2013319)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963662504042690"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Templeton T. C. &Fleischmann K. R.(2011).The relationship between human values and attitudes toward the Park51 and nuclear power controversies.Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 48 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1002\/meet.2011.14504801172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584609.2015.1102187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558689812437185"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2541-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118489"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verma N. Fleischmann K. R. &Koltai K. S.(2017).Human values and trust in scientific journals the mainstream media and fake news.Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology.","DOI":"10.1002\/pra2.2017.14505401046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00335636309382611"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.10.090"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpra2.2017.14505401026","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pra2.2017.14505401026","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pra2.2017.14505401026","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pra2.2017.14505401026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T16:26:23Z","timestamp":1761063983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pra2.2017.14505401026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pra2.2017.14505401026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pra2.2017.14505401026","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2373-9231","2373-9231"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2373-9231"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2373-9231"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-10-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}